{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T14:32:39Z","timestamp":1772289159557,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To verify the efficacy of defecation care based on handheld ultrasonographic observations for functional constipation by visiting nurses skilled in bowel ultrasonography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Home\u2010care patients with suspected functional constipation receiving nursing visits were recruited in this multiple\u2010baseline, single\u2010case experiment with intervention points shifted by 1\u2009week. A total of 15 older adults were categorized into 3\u2010, 4\u2010, 5\u2010 or 6\u2010week intervention phases. Ultrasonographic observations of fecal retention in the colorectum and defecation care based on observations during the ordinal physical assessment were reviewed. Tau\u2010U was used for confirming the efficacy of the intervention by measuring the number of non\u2010artificial and artificial defecations, as well as hard stools per week, and the amount of non\u2010stimulant and stimulant laxatives, enemas and suppositories per week. For evaluating safety, adverse events, such as bowel obstruction and incontinence\u2010associated dermatitis, were confirmed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No adverse events were observed. Statistical analysis showed that hard stools and artificial defecation reduced, and that their effect sizes were significant (Tau = \u22120.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01; Tau = \u22120.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Even the amounts of stimulant laxative and glycerin enema reduced, and their effect sizes were significant (Tau = \u22120.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01; Tau = \u22120.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, defecation care based on ultrasonographic assessment by nurses in home\u2010care settings is safe and effective for improving constipation symptoms and reducing laxative use. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; \u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022\u2013\u2022\u2022<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T18:15:59Z","timestamp":1578420959000},"page":"187-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safety and efficacy of a defecation care algorithm based on ultrasonographic bowel observation in Japanese home\u2010care settings: a single\u2010case, multiple\u2010baseline study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Yabunaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gojiro","family":"Nakagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing\/Wound Care Management Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Fujimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Relations Keio University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Okawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Sugama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kitamihara Clinic  Hakodate Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss)  Oyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing\/Wound Care Management Graduate School 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