{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:27:19Z","timestamp":1785940039981,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The enteric nervous system degenerates gradually with age, and \u03b1\u2010synuclein (\u03b1\u2010syn) is a suitable marker of enteric nervous system degeneration, which is intimately related with endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR<jats:sup>ER<\/jats:sup>). Saponins from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Panax japonicus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (SPJ) have obvious protective effects on neurons in several degenerative disease models. Here, the study was designed to investigate whether SPJ could reverse the neuron degeneration through regulating the UPR<jats:sup>ER<\/jats:sup> in the colon myenteric plexus of aging rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aging rats had been treated with SPJ for 6\u2009months since they were aged 18\u2009months. Then, the colon samples were collected and neuron morphology in the myenteric plexus was observed. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expressions of NeuN, \u03b1\u2010syn, GRP78 and three different UPR<jats:sup>ER<\/jats:sup> branches. Double immunofluorescence was used to determine the co\u2010localization of \u03b1\u2010syn and NeuN, GRP78 and NeuN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurons degenerated in the colon myenteric plexus of aging rats, but co\u2010localization of \u03b1\u2010syn and NeuN increased. In addition, both the expressions of GRP78 and three UPR<jats:sup>ER<\/jats:sup> branch signaling pathway proteins decreased in the colon myenteric plexus of aging rats. Treatment of SPJ almost alleviated the above effects in aging rats, except for ATF6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SPJ could reverse the neuron loss caused by accumulation of \u03b1\u2010syn in the myenteric plexus of colon in aging rats, which is potentially associated with increased GRP78 and most URP<jats:sup>ER<\/jats:sup> changes. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 85\u201393<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T10:11:11Z","timestamp":1606471871000},"page":"85-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protective effects of saponins from <scp><i>Panax japonicus<\/i><\/scp> on neurons of the colon myenteric plexus in aging rats through reduction of \u03b1\u2010synuclein through endoplasmic reticulum stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengguo","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1772-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoyan","family":"Dun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changcheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of China Three Gorges University  Yichang 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