{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:08:57Z","timestamp":1791544137217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013885","name":"Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRR\u201017\u20102655\u201039047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRR\u201017\u20102655\u201039047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the relationship between functional limitations and depression among community\u2010dwelling older adults in Malaysia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from a nation\u2010wide community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study were analyzed. This study was conducted using a two\u2010stage stratified random sampling design. In total, 3772 older adults aged \u226560\u2009years responded to the survey. Depression was identified using a validated Malay version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (M\u2010GDS\u201014), with those scored \u22656 categorized as having depression. Functional limitations were assessed using both Barthel's Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The relationship was determined by multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for other variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of depression was 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.4, 13.4). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that older adults with limitations in ADL were 2.6 times more likely of having depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.58, 95% CI 2.01, 3.32), while those with limitations in IADL the risk of having depression was almost doubled (aOR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.14). Other significant factors were incontinence (aOR 3.33, 95% CI: 2.33, 4.74), chronic medical illness (aOR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.81), current smoker (aOR 4.19, 95% CI: 1.69, 10.39), poor social support (aOR 4.30, 95% CI: 2.98, 6.20), do not have partner, ethnic minorities and low individual monthly income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Older adults with functional limitation in both basic ADL and complex IADL are independently at higher risk of having depression. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 21\u201325<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T01:20:18Z","timestamp":1609204818000},"page":"21-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Association between functional limitations and depression among community\u2010dwelling older adults in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8136-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Ani","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Aznuddin","family":"Abd Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd ShaifulAzlan","family":"Kassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norhafizah","family":"Sahril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazila Haryati","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Aziz","family":"Harith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Azna","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazly Azry","family":"Abdul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Hazrin","family":"Hasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasimah","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherina","family":"Mohd Sidik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University Putra Malaysia  Serdang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Fact Sheet. Mental health of older adults [monograph on the Internet]. World Health Organization;2017[Cited 13 Dec 2019.] Available from URL:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mental-health-of-older-adults."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259811000219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1310803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000422251.65212.4b"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312453070","article-title":"Depression and self\u2010reported disability among older people in Western Europe","volume":"24","author":"Pagan\u2010Rodriguez R","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3954"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20151569","article-title":"A study on prevalence and correlates of depression among elderly population of rural South India","volume":"3","author":"Chauhan P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v6i0.18871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Institute for Public Health (IPH)2019. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018 (NHMS 2018): Elderly Health. Vol. I: Methodology and General Findings 2018. 132 pages.http:\/\/www.iku.gov.my\/images\/IKU\/Document\/REPORT\/NHMS2018\/NHMS2018ElderlyHealthVolume1.pdf. Accessed on 1 Sept 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Institute for Public Health (IPH)2011. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011). Vol. II: Non\u2010Communicable Diseases. Institute for Public Health Ministry of Health Malaysia 2011.http:\/\/www.iku.gov.my\/images\/IKU\/Document\/REPORT\/NHMS2011\u2010VolumeII.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2017.1311978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Validation of Malay version of geriatric depression scale among elderly inpatients","author":"Teh EE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Priory Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index: a simple index of independence useful in scoring improvement in the rehabilitation of the chronically ill","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12441"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1000338","article-title":"Female Urinary Incontinence: A Study Protocol Using the Malay QUID in Selangor, Malaysia","volume":"5","author":"Dhillon H","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Women's Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.1017\/jtp.2017.4","article-title":"Validation of the CASP\u201019 quality of life measure in three languages in Malaysia","volume":"7","author":"Nalathamby N","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trop Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-014-9248-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2016.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-015-0204-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.532284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2685","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for depression in older people in Xi'an China: a community\u2010based study","volume":"27","author":"Li Y","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.05.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000400","DOI":"10.4172\/2378-5756.1000400","article-title":"Geriatric depression in Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"20","author":"Girma M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2011.06.001"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.14012","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ggi.14012","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.14012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T09:47:14Z","timestamp":1693734434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.14012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.14012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.14012","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}