{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:38:27Z","timestamp":1791999507374,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K10429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K10429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This large epidemiological survey of older people examined oral hypofunction and the relationship between oral hypofunction and frailty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were community\u2010dwelling adults aged 65\u201385\u2009years in Japan. The oral function evaluation included seven items (oral hygiene, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue\u2013lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function and swallowing function), and oral hypofunction was defined as having abnormalities in at least three of these items. The frailty status was classified into three categories (robust, pre\u2010frail and frail) according to the total Kihon Checklist score. We analyzed 978 subjects with complete data. The relationship between oral function and frailty status was analyzed using multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 60% of the older adults had oral hypofunction. The multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for a pre\u2010frail or frail status were significantly higher for older people with reduced occlusal force, reduced tongue\u2013lip motor function and deteriorated swallowing function than in those without deterioration of those items. Of the oral function items, swallowing function was most strongly associated with the frailty status, and the ORs (95% confidence interval [CI]) for deteriorated swallowing function in pre\u2010frail and frail patients were 6.4 (3.9\u201310.8) and 10.2 (5.4\u201319.1), respectively. Those with oral hypofunction had significantly higher adjusted ORs for pre\u2010frail (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1\u20132.0) and frail (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.5) statuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many community\u2010dwelling older people have reduced oral function or oral hypofunction, which is significantly associated with frailty in older people. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 917\u2013926<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T05:58:51Z","timestamp":1598248731000},"page":"917-926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Oral hypofunction and its association with frailty in community\u2010dwelling older people"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Shimazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Nonoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyo","family":"Tsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Science Center Aichi Health Promotion Public Interest Foundation  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9000-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyasu","family":"Uchibori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aichi Dental Association  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. 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