{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:40:36Z","timestamp":1791916836262,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004423","name":"Waseda University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005930","name":"ASCRS Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To re\u2010evaluate the suitability of calf circumference as a surrogate marker of low muscle mass measured by both bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA). We also examined the effects of obesity and age on low muscle mass screening using calf circumference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 1239 adults participated in this cross\u2010sectional study. We measured the maximum calf circumference in a standing position and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) using BIA and DXA. We defined low muscle mass based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calf circumference was positively correlated with BIA\u2010measured ASM\/height<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (men: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.81, women: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.73) and DXA\u2010measured ASM\/height<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (men: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.78, women: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.76). In the subgroup analyses by obesity and age, calf circumference was also positively correlated with ASM\/height<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The optimal calf circumference cut\u2010offs for low muscle mass screening measured by BIA and DXA were 35\u2009cm (sensitivity 91%, specificity 84%) and 36\u2009cm (sensitivity 82%, specificity 80%) for men, and 33\u2009cm (sensitivity 82%, specificity 84%) and 34\u2009cm (sensitivity 85%, specificity 72%) for women, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calf circumference is positively correlated with BIA\u2010 and DXA\u2010measured muscle mass regardless of obesity and age and is a simple and accurate surrogate marker of muscle mass for diagnosing sarcopenia. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 943\u2013950<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T20:18:57Z","timestamp":1599250737000},"page":"943-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Cut\u2010offs for calf circumference as a screening tool for low muscle mass: <scp>WASEDA'S<\/scp> Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoko","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiko","family":"Miyachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu S.","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taishi","family":"Midorikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Welfare, J. F. Oberlin University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumpei","family":"Tanisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiyoko","family":"Usui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Muraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University  Tokorozawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181c34465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16089677.2018.1518825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"S126","article-title":"Diagnostic merit of using the calf circumference to estimate the muscle mass as a component of sarcopenia in elderly outpatients","volume":"10","author":"Laksmi PW","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nat Sc Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665115000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070809"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199010000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0777-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616629634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2017-0121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.10.006"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; 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