{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:12:38Z","timestamp":1778605958056,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to identify patterns in mutual aid relationships between older people living alone and their relatives and neighbors, and to examine the impact of mutual aid relationship patterns on mental health and perceived isolation through the mediating effect of subjective economic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a survey with 5000 randomly selected adults aged 65\u2009years or older, from the five official senior care service areas of city A in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Valid responses were received from 3941 participants (78.8%), of whom 436 participants from single\u2010person households constituted the study sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Latent class analysis revealed four types of mutual aid: family; family and intra\u2010generational neighbors; no mutual aid; and family and multi\u2010generational neighbors. Regression analysis showed that the interaction effect between family and neighbors' mutual aid and subjective economic status was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Simple slope analysis clarified that subjective economic status had a negative effect on depressive symptoms for the non\u2010family\/neighbors group, but not for the family\/neighbors group. Furthermore, the interaction term between no mutual aid and subjective economic status was negatively associated with the fear of future isolation. Finally, the significantly negative effect observed was greater for the no mutual aid group than for the non\u2010no mutual aid group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mutual aid relationships are effective in improving the mental health and decreasing the fear of future isolation of older adults living alone who experience low economic status. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 555\u2013560<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T02:20:46Z","timestamp":1620786046000},"page":"555-560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The impact of mutual aid on mental health and perceived isolation among the single elderly: An examination of economic status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoh","family":"Murayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Hasebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Welfare Seigakuin University  Ageo\u2010shi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X18000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Give and receive\u201d: the impact of an intergenerational program on institutionalized children and older adults","author":"Barbosa MR","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intergenerational Relat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6480-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2092623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317692854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/cja.2004.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764295039002008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-007-9056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-018-00497-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Patterns of support exchange between older persons living alone and their children and the life satisfaction for older persons living alone in a metropolitan city","volume":"55","author":"Lim H","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Welf Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1406-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Measuring the capacity of community dwelling elderly people to stay active: Developing the TMIG\u2010IC","volume":"34","author":"Koyano W","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jpn J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"Long\u2010Term Care Prevention Manual Revision Committee.Long\u2010term Care Prevention Manual.Rev edn. 2012. 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