{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:16:07Z","timestamp":1789420567368,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neighborhood environmental attributes are associated with physical activity and health status. We examined cross\u2010sectional associations of built and social environmental attributes with frailty among community\u2010dwelling mid\u2010to\u2010older aged adults in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 3419 adults aged 50\u201374\u2009years living in 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia, were used. Frailty status was assessed by a frailty index comprising 32 items. The built environment attributes examined were residential density, street connectivity, land use mix, park area and bus stop density. Self\u2010reported levels of safety and social cohesion were used as social environmental factors. Associations were examined using multilevel logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of frailty was 12%. One standard deviation increment in street connectivity in a 1\u2010km network buffer around participants' homes and in a neighbourhood was associated with 23% and 13% higher odds of being frail, respectively. One standard deviation increment in land use mix at the neighborhood level was associated with 12% lower odds of being frail. Higher levels of safety and social cohesion were consistently associated with a lower odds of being frail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent with previous studies, we found that social environmental attributes were relevant to residents' frailty status, whereas the relationships between built environmental attributes and frailty were not clear (frailty was associated with lower street connectivity but with higher land used mix). Community\u2010level initiatives to enhance safety and social cohesion might be effective to reduce frailty. Further research is required to explain the equivocal findings obtained for built environmental attributes and frailty. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 893\u2013899<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T05:17:23Z","timestamp":1628227043000},"page":"893-899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Associations of neighborhood built and social environments with frailty among mid\u2010to\u2010older aged <scp>Australian<\/scp> adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Center for Urban Transitions Swinburne University of Technology  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5166-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Carver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takemi","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Transitions Swinburne University of Technology  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Behavioral Epidemiology Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0982-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0471-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30091-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2012.00967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-76"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics(2006).Socio\u2010Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) \u2010 Technical Paper 2006. 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