{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:38:35Z","timestamp":1787582315176,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20he2002h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20he2002h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic has led to lifestyle restrictions and might be associated with long\u2010term changes in cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the overall effect of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on the cognitive trajectory of a cohort of patients with cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 160 patients who had been making regular visits to a medical center for dementia. Cognitive function was assessed based on changes in scores on the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic throughout a 4\u2010year period. The trajectory of cognitive decline was determined by carrying out a time series analysis using a state\u2010space model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Crude analysis showed that the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination scores decreased from 20.9\u00a0\u00b1\u20094.4\u00a0points (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) at the time of the initial cognitive assessments to 17.5\u00a0\u00b1\u20095.6\u00a0points at the time of the final assessments, and the decline rate was 1.15\u2009\u00b1\u20091.78\u2009points per year (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001). The time series analysis showed an accelerated cognitive trajectory after the COVID\u201019 outbreak, and the average decline in the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination scores was 0.46\u2009points (95% confidence interval 0.034\u20130.91) per year before the COVID\u201019 pandemic, and a steeper decline of 1.87\u2009points (95% confidence interval 1.34\u20132.67) per year after the outbreak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The COVID\u201019 pandemic accelerated the rate of cognitive decline in patients with cognitive impairment fourfold in comparison with before the pandemic. Specific strategies designed for cognitively older people in the \u201cnew normal\u201d will reconcile both requirements, reducing the risk of infection, and maintaining their physical and psychological well\u2010being.\n                      <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 200\u2013204<\/jats:bold>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1674686925000},"page":"200-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Accelerated cognitive decline after the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 pandemic in a community population of older persons with cognitive impairment: A\n                    <scp>4\u2010year<\/scp>\n                    time series analysis in the Tokyo Metropolis area"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8478-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Matsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Dementia in the Northeastern Wards of Tokyo Metropolis Oouchi Hospital, Heisei Medical Welfare Group  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayuri","family":"Mitsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Dementia in the Northeastern Wards of Tokyo Metropolis Oouchi Hospital, Heisei Medical Welfare Group  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akane","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Dementia in the Northeastern Wards of Tokyo Metropolis Oouchi Hospital, Heisei Medical Welfare Group  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachio","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Dementia in Kanagawa Prefecture National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Alcoholism Center  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiomi","family":"Asahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center for Dementia in Chiba Prefecture Asahi Neurology and Rehabilitation Hospital  Matsudo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Visualizing the data: information on COVID\u201019 infections.2022.https:\/\/covid19.mhlw.go.jp\/extensions\/public\/en\/index.html. 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