{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T03:09:54Z","timestamp":1794366594009,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of a salivary gland massage program to improve salivary flow, swallowing, and oral hygiene in older type\u20092 diabetes patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomized control trial consisted of 73 older diabetes patients with a low salivary flow; 39 and 34 in intervention and control groups, respectively. The intervention group received a salivary gland massage from a trained dental nurse, whereas the control group received a dental education. The salivary flow rates were collected using spit methods at baseline, 1\u2010month and 3\u2010month follow up. All participants were examined for the objective and subjective symptoms of xerostomia, the Simplified Debris Index and the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 3\u2009months, the resting (0.32 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.14\u2009mL\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and stimulating salivary flow (3.66 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 2.83\u2009mL\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025) in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group. The objective symptoms in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group after 3\u2009months (1.41 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 2.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). The participants who were able to swallow least three times in the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test in the intervention group increased by 35.89% after 3\u2009months, whereas the control group increased by 8.82%. Oral hygiene was improved in both groups, but the changes in the intervention were significantly greater than in the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3\u2010month salivary glands massage program increases the salivary flow rate, and affects swallowing, objective dry mouth symptoms and oral hygiene in older patients with type\u20092 diabetes. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 549\u2013557<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T10:13:25Z","timestamp":1687256005000},"page":"549-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of the salivary gland massage program in older type\u20092 diabetes patients on the salivary flow rate, xerostomia, swallowing and oral hygiene: A randomized controlled 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