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Prior studies in humans have focused on the association between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle quantity, while the evidence on muscle function and quality is lacking. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota genera associated with skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality in a general population of Japanese adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 164 participants aged 35\u201380\u2009years, women and men recruited from urban areas of Japan. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Skeletal muscle function was measured using handgrip strength and leg extension power (LEP), while skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Phase angle was used as a measure of skeletal muscle quality. Multivariate linear regression analysis stratified by age group was used to examine the association between the dominant genera of the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant association was found between <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella 9<\/jats:italic> with LEP only in the \u226560\u2009years group. When both <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella 9<\/jats:italic> were included in the same regression model, only <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> remained consistently and significantly associated with LEP. No significant associations were observed between skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and phase angle and major gut microbiota genera.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we observed a significant positive association between <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and leg muscle function in older adults. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> to lower\u2010extremity muscle function. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 53\u201360<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T07:50:26Z","timestamp":1702626626000},"page":"53-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality with gut microbiota in Japanese adults: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2384-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiharu","family":"Iwasaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Osaka 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