{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:02:00Z","timestamp":1791997320252,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72274009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72274009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the effect of lifespan cognitive reserve and its components on cognitive frailty among older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4922 participants aged \u226565\u2009years were recruited in 2008 and were followed up in 2011 from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive frailty was determined through the simultaneous presence of physical frailty (pre\u2010frailty or frailty) and mild cognitive impairment, excluding concurrent dementia. The assessment of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment was based on the Fatigue, Resistence, Ambulation, Illness, Loss of weight (FRAIL) (Fatigue, Resistence, Ambulation, Illness, Loss) and Mini\u2010Mental State Examination scale, respectively. The lifespan cognitive reserve consisted of education attainment, occupational complexity and later\u2010life leisure activities. We used logistic regression models to estimate the risk of cognitive frailty associated with the lifespan cognitive reserve and its components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher level of lifespan cognitive reserve, higher educational attainment or leisure activities engagement, but not occupational complexity, were associated with lower risk of incident cognitive frailty. Furthermore, cognitive, social and physical activities were associated with lower risk of incident cognitive frailty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive reserve, particularly educational attainment and leisure activities, can protect from cognitive frailty. This implicates that individuals should accumulate cognitive reserve in their lifespan, and older adults should actively participate in leisure activities to prevent cognitive frailty. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 398\u2013403<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T06:25:06Z","timestamp":1710311106000},"page":"398-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of cognitive reserve on cognitive frailty among older adults: A population\u2010based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Nursing School of Nursing, Peking University  Beijing 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