{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T13:57:50Z","timestamp":1788616670212,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Protein intake is an important component in retaining muscle mass, especially among older people. This study examined the relationship between total protein intake and\/or the distribution of protein intake in each meal and appendicular muscle mass, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the NHNS were re\u2010analyzed in this study. We used data from a one\u2010day dietary record, physical examination, and lifestyle questionnaire completed by 1766 participants aged over 60\u2009years. Appendicular muscle mass was assessed by multiple\u2010frequency bioimpedance measurement. Leucine intake was calculated by the weighted average amino acid content from all 98 food subcategories used in the NHNS, based on amino acid composition data in the 2020 Standard Tables of Food Composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with higher protein intake showed significantly higher appendicular muscle mass. This relationship was independent of physical activity, including steps taken per day, exercise habit, and physical labor. Frequent intake of \u22650.4\u2009g protein\/kg\/meal was not related to appendicular muscle mass. The combination of higher total protein intake and higher physical activity seemed to have the largest association with appendicular muscle mass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher protein intake may be related to higher appendicular muscle mass, independent of higher physical activity, among older Japanese people. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 634\u2013640<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T22:34:10Z","timestamp":1714343650000},"page":"634-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Are higher protein intake and distribution of protein intake related to higher appendicular muscle mass among an older Japanese population?: A cross\u2010sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2995-2956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuko","family":"Ishikawa\u2010Takata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo University of Agriculture  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Takimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Japan.Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2022 Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/saikin\/hw\/k-tyosa\/k-tyosa22\/dl\/05.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Sarcopenia 2017","author":"Japanese Association on Salcopenia and Frailty","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91397.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"The Council for Science and Technology Ministry of Educatin Culture Sports Science and Technology Japan.Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan 2020: Ministry of Educatin Culture Sports Science and Technology Japan 2020. 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