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Its prevalence has increased concomitantly with population aging, becoming one of the most significant challenges for public health, threatening the quality of life and the physical and mental health of the elderly population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study estimated the prevalence and factors associated with SO among adults and the elderly in Brazil's macro\u2010regions, utilizing MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Virtual Health Library databases. Primary outcomes included SO prevalence overall and by subgroups, with secondary outcomes identifying associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of 33 studies with 10\u2009266 participants up to July 2023 showed a 17% prevalence of SO (95% confidence interval: 13\u201321%), using a random effects meta\u2010analysis. The Central\u2010West region had the highest occurrence (27%). Dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (26%) and bioimpedance (6%) were the top diagnostic methods. Protective factors were chronic kidney disease and healthy lifestyles; risk factors included socioeconomic status, functionality, lifestyle, biochemical parameters, and comorbidities such as osteoarthritis and apnea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of SO in Brazil is significant, emerging as a critical public health problem. It is essential to direct attention to changes in prevalence rates in the coming years, given the rising obesity trends and the absolute increase in the elderly population. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 661\u2013674<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T08:46:03Z","timestamp":1718268363000},"page":"661-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in Brazilian adults and older people: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalia Sernizon","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  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