{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T18:50:44Z","timestamp":1789411844856,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sarcopenic obesity is the co\u2010existence of obesity and sarcopenia in individuals aged 40\u201375\u2009years. The Japanese Working Group on Sarcopenic Obesity has developed diagnostic criteria tailored for the Japanese population, considering their unique characteristics compared with European populations. Our algorithm consists of two steps: screening and diagnosis. The screening of obesity mandates using waist circumference and\/or body mass index (BMI) based on national standards, while screening for sarcopenia involves the \u201cfinger ring test\u201d in addition to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The final diagnosis of sarcopenia involves handgrip strength for low muscle strength, the five\u2010times chair stand test for low physical function, and limb skeletal muscle mass (corrected for BMI) for low muscle mass. Obesity is assessed by visceral fat area or body fat percentage. Sarcopenic obesity is then categorized into Stage I, with muscle weakness\/loss of function, loss of muscle mass, and obesity; or Stage II, which includes complications. Further clinical validation is needed to refine the consensus and age range.\n                    <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; \u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022\u2013\u2022\u2022<\/jats:bold>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T05:59:55Z","timestamp":1725947995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity in Japan: Consensus statement of the Japanese Working Group on Sarcopenic Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3310-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kojiro","family":"Ishii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sports Science Doshisha University  Kyotanabe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0432-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9607-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center Kansai Medical University  Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8644-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Kusakabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1996-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Sciences Shimane University  Matsue Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3703-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University  Kusatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8645-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriko","family":"Satoh\u2010Asahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Someya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sportology Center Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1685-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sportology Center Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohjiro","family":"Ueki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0364-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3970-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Study Biwako Seikei Sport College  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3291-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9000-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ23-0593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2019.1641221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1620-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Japan Society for the Study of the Obesity. Manual of the Treatment of Obesity","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.14978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T05:59:58Z","timestamp":1725947998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.14978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.14978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.14978","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ggi.14978"}}