{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T07:43:24Z","timestamp":1786175004265,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventing frailty is crucial; however, the current evidence is limited to findings from older adults and may not apply to earlier life stages. This study examined the associations between health screening findings, body mass index, lifestyle factors, and medical findings in midlife with frailty in older ages by longitudinal analysis and the associations between them in older ages by cross\u2010sectional analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted in a population\u2010based cohort of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. We used the data of 1785 men and women aged 40\u201365\u2009years (mean age: 54\u2009years) who underwent health examinations between 2002 and 2004 in two Japanese communities. Among them, the frailty evaluation was conducted for 784 men and women aged 60\u2009years or older (average age: 69\u2009years) between 2017 and 2019. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the multivariable odds ratios of pre\u2010frailty and frailty\u00a0compared with non\u2010frailty, based on body mass index, lifestyle factors, and medical findings in midlife using longitudinal data, and\u00a0based on these factors in older ages using cross\u2010sectional data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 351 non\u2010frailty, 400 pre\u2010frailty, and 33 frailty cases according to Fried's phenotype. Being overweight in middle age was associated with frailty in older ages in the longitudinal analysis, while being overweight in older ages was not in the cross\u2010sectional analysis. A history of musculoskeletal disorders in both midlife and older ages was associated with frailty. In the cross\u2010sectional analysis but not in the longitudinal analysis, the factors associated with pre\u2010frailty or frailty included current smoking, current drinking, exercise, consumption of vegetables and soy products, and diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Being overweight in midlife was associated with frailty in older ages, pointing to the importance of keeping an appropriate weight and lifestyle modifications in midlife to prevent frailty.\n                      <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 889\u2013896<\/jats:bold>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T07:39:32Z","timestamp":1748504372000},"page":"889-896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations of body mass index, lifestyle factors, and medical findings in midlife with frailty in older ages: A 15\u2010year longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshige","family":"Jinnouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Nippon Medical School  Bunkyo\u2010Ku Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Medicine Institute of Medicine and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Research Team for Social Participation and Healthy Aging Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Itabashi\u2010Ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yao City Public Health Center  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Medicine Institute of Medicine and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University  Bunkyo\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironobu","family":"Kakihana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University Nishi\u2010Ku, Ikawadani\u2010Cho  Kobe Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Kindai University Faculty of Medicine  Osakasayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Muraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Department of Social Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Hayama\u2010Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yao City Public Health Center  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Joto\u2010Ku  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Imano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Kindai University Faculty of Medicine  Osakasayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9241-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Iso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Medicine Institute of Medicine and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Public Health, Department of Social Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Policy Research Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine  Shinjuku\u2010Ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2022.104844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051367"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.70074","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ggi.70074","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.70074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T06:59:00Z","timestamp":1786172340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.70074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.70074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.70074","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}