{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T10:15:29Z","timestamp":1784110529948,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23rea522114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23rea522114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This preliminary investigation examined whether pharyngeal clearance time (PCT) measured by a neck\u2010worn electronic stethoscope (NWES) differed by age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 155 healthy adults consented to participate and were categorized into three age groups: young (20\u201339\u2009years), middle (40\u201364\u2009years) and old (\u226565\u2009years). The participants were asked to perform two swallows of 5\u2009mL of water. The swallowing acoustics were recorded by the NWES, and the PCT was automatically calculated from the recorded data. Additionally, the seven subcategories of oral hypofunction were assessed. Differences in the PCT between age groups and sexes were tested using two\u2010way ANOVA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to confirm the relation between PCT and other oral function measurement items. Linear regression analysis was also performed with PCT as the dependent variable along with age and sex as independent variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PCT was significantly longer in the old group than in the young group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032), although no sex predilection was observed. No significant correlations were found between PCT and other oral function items, including a self\u2010administered dysphagia questionnaire. However, PCT demonstrated a significant positive correlation with age in a linear regression model (standardized partial correlation coefficient, 0.165;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), but not with sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study demonstrated that PCT measured by the NWES became significantly prolonged in older adults, suggesting the potential of the NWES as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for assessing age\u2010related changes in swallowing function.\n                      <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 1136\u20131141<\/jats:bold>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T22:44:09Z","timestamp":1750632249000},"page":"1136-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of an\n                    <scp>artificial intelligence<\/scp>\n                    \u2013assisted electronic stethoscope for evaluating swallowing function decline across age groups and sex in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4778-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Clinic of General\u2010, Special Care\u2010 and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"PLIMES, Inc.  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risako","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dushyantha","family":"Jayatilake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PLIMES, Inc.  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murali","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General\u2010, Special Care\u2010 and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General\u2010, Special Care\u2010 and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.3.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1994.266.6.G972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21926\/obm.geriatr.2101153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004550011001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811701210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1854-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"4365","article-title":"Deep learning\u2010based swallowing monitor for Realtime detection of swallow duration","volume":"2020","author":"Kuramoto N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2015.2500562"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05272-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-012-9425-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9142-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-024-02366-w"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T01:53:07Z","timestamp":1762653187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}