{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:17Z","timestamp":1787014277977,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007132","name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002336","name":"Daiichi Sankyo Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012351","name":"Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015731","name":"Bayer Yakuhin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study investigated the influence of non\u2010cardiovascular factors on cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, we examined whether these factors add value to conventional risk factor\u2010based models for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter prospective cohort study included patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiovascular deaths were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model, and contribution of non\u2010cardiovascular factors was evaluated. Decision tree analyses were carried out, and risk stratification was carried out using cardiovascular death as an indicator. Improvement in predictive ability of the Atrial fibrillation, Hemoglobin, Elderly, Abnormal renal parameters, Diabetes (AHEAD) score was assessed after adding non\u2010cardiovascular factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1061 patients hospitalized for heart failure, 715 were included in the analysis. In the Cox hazards model, the Japanese version of the cardiovascular health study score and comorbid constipation were detected as non\u2010cardiovascular factors. The new model\u2014Constipation and Frailty Augmented AHEAD Model (CFA\u2010AHEAD score)\u2014created by adding these factors to the AHEAD score, showed significantly improved predictive ability compared with the previous model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010cardiovascular factors, such as physical frailty and comorbid constipation, affect life expectancy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. The addition of these factors to conventional predictors might improve the predictive power of cardiovascular death.\n                      <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 1341\u20131349<\/jats:bold>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T08:30:43Z","timestamp":1756110643000},"page":"1341-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of non\u2010cardiovascular factors on cardiovascular death in acute decompensated heart failure: Enhancing predictive models with frailty and comorbid constipation\u2014the Constipation and Frailty Augmented\n                    <scp>AHEAD<\/scp>\n                    score"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1352-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Ishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Kochi Medical School Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Tokushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Tokushima University Hospital  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Jobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Kochi Medical School Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics Kochi Medical School, Kochi University  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics Kochi Medical School, Kochi University  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Kochi Medical School, Kochi University  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hyohdoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical Information Science Kochi Medical School, Kochi University  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Chikamori Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Nakaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Chikamori Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Kochi Prefectural Hatakenmin Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Furuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Kochi Prefectural Aki General Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Susaki Kuroshio Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kitaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics Kochi Medical School, Kochi University  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Kochi Medical School Hospital  Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.121.318172"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001063"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-09987-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.804146"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2021\/e2258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13489"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14163"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-12-1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004297"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14658"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00341-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0241-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.121.009277"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170526102159"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10105-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207242"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.08210815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1470216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(85)80128-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012070-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Slow transit constipation treated by surgery: analysis of 17 cases","volume":"37","author":"Zhang S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suac030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.41.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Physiologic and psychologic characteristics of an elderly population with chronic constipation","volume":"88","author":"Merkel IS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.115.05315"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2020.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001222"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11898640-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124291"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2007.0583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)62167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/spc.0000000000000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.109.854877"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.11.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.568"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13685"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020480"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113311"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-18-0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2020.1708718"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.011254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.70151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T07:48:45Z","timestamp":1759823325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.70151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.70151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.70151","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}