{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:01Z","timestamp":1787014261213,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010486","name":"Teijin Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010486","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improves the pathogenesis of age\u2010related changes and diseases by increasing intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+. We aimed to evaluate retinal thickness changes after oral NMN administration according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before and 24\u2009weeks after the study initiated, 240\u2009\u00d7\u2009240\u2009mm macular cube scan optical coherence tomography images were obtained from male patients with type 2 diabetes aged \u2265\u200965\u2009years with physical frailty; changes in the automatically measured mean retinal thickness within the 9 ETDRS grid regions were compared between groups. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 250\u2009mg\/day NMN or placebo orally for 24\u2009weeks. Retinal thickness changes at 24\u2009weeks were compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each group included 14 eyes of 7 patients; 8 eyes had ocular disease. Best\u2010corrected visual acuity did not change significantly between baseline and 24\u2009weeks for both groups. In the temporal subretinal field of the outer circle, the retinal thickness change from baseline to 24\u2009weeks differed significantly between the NMN and placebo groups (+1.14\u2009\u00b1\u20092.85\u2009\u03bcm and \u22122.77\u2009\u00b1\u20093.30\u2009\u03bcm, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Among patients without ocular disease, the NMN group demonstrated a trend toward suppressed reduction in retinal thickness in the temporal region (+0.75\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009\u03bcm and \u22122.45\u2009\u00b1\u20093.33\u2009\u03bcm in the NMN and placebo groups, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07). Systematic and ophthalmic adverse events were not observed in the NMN group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The oral NMN administration was safe both systemically and locally in the eyes. Based on the retinal thickness results, NMN may be efficacious in mitigating age\u2010related alterations in the retina.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:18Z","timestamp":1777939218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Retinal Thickness of Older Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A\u00a0Placebo\u2010Controlled, Double\u2010Blind Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Shiraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Akasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric and General Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Nakagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Development and Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Geriatric Medicine Kawasaki Medical School  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Yasunobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric and General Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric and General Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric and General Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric and General Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kento","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Innovation Osaka University Hospital  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-5527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanobu","family":"Kanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutraceutical Group, Division of New Business Development Unit Teijin Ltd.  Chiyoda Japan"},{"name":"NOMON Co., Ltd.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Yamana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOMON Co., Ltd.  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Healthcare New Business CTO Teijin Ltd.  Chiyoda Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010ichiro","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Rakugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric and General Medicine The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Osaka Rosai Hospital  Sakai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohji","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The University of Osaka Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI) Osaka University  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00416-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, a Potential Future Treatment in Ocular Diseases","volume":"262","author":"Lee D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal0092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417921112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjamd.2016.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe9985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.08.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.191841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-015-0001-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1960_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00487-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17794"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; 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