{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:16:50Z","timestamp":1787991410108,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24\u20136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24\u20136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) is widely used to quantify cognitive reserve (CR), but a validated Japanese version is lacking. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the CRIq and its short version (s\u2010CRIq) into Japanese (CRIq\u2010J and sCRIq\u2010J) and to evaluate their reliability and criterion\u2010related validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following international guidelines for cultural adaptation and translation, we translated and culturally adapted the CRIq and s\u2010CRIq into Japanese. The study participants were 3567 community\u2010dwelling Japanese older adults from a large\u2010scale cohort. Global cognitive performance was assessed with the composite score of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology\u2013Functional Assessment Tool and global cognitive impairment (GCI) was defined as a mini\u2010mental state examination score\u2009\u2264\u200923. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between CRIq\u2010J and sCRIq\u2010J total scores and global cognitive performance, including GCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.58 for the CRIq\u2010J and 0.48 for the sCRIq\u2010J, reflecting the multidimensional nature of life\u2010course experiences. After adjusting for age and sex, higher scores on both the CRIq\u2010J (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21, 95% CI: 0.18\u20130.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and sCRIq\u2010J (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21, 95% CI: 0.17\u20130.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly associated with superior cognitive performance. Furthermore, higher CRI levels were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of GCI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CRIq\u2010J and sCRIq\u2010J demonstrated acceptable reliability and robust criterion\u2010related validity in a Japanese population. These standardized tools represent a significant milestone for future CR research and the development of dementia prevention strategies in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:50:53Z","timestamp":1787017853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <scp>Japanese<\/scp>\n                    Translation Study of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1885-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Katayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi 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Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5635-7260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chika","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi 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Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6898-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiharu","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3843-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Gerontology Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Aichi 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