{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:02:23Z","timestamp":1790233343485,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Zinc deficiency is common among older adults and may contribute to frailty, immune dysfunction, and nutritional vulnerability. However, longitudinal evidence describing zinc status among residents of long\u2010term care facilities (LTCFs) remains limited. This retrospective cohort study analyzed annual health examination data from 141 residents registered at baseline in 2021 at a long\u2010term care facility in Okinawa, Japan, with follow\u2010up data available through 2025. Serum zinc concentrations were measured yearly at the same clinical laboratory using consistent analytical methods. Demographic and laboratory variables including age, sex, albumin, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, long\u2010term care insurance care\u2010need level, enteral tube feeding, and polaprezinc use were collected. Serum zinc levels remained persistently low during the 5\u2010year observation period. Among residents in Wards 1 and 2, 38.2% of measurements showed serum zinc levels below 50\u2009\u03bcg\/dL and 78.4% were below 60\u2009\u03bcg\/dL. Zinc levels differed across wards, reflecting differences in resident case\u2010mix and care needs. Ward 2 included residents with higher care needs, including five residents with care\u2010need level 4; all 10 residents receiving enteral tube feeding were also in Ward 2, whereas Ward 3 included residents with lower care needs and support\u2010level care. Among residents in Wards 1 and 2, mean zinc levels did not significantly differ across years (ANOVA,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.39), indicating persistent low zinc levels without significant improvement. In multivariable analyses, serum albumin levels were strongly associated with zinc levels. Persistent zinc deficiency was therefore common among LTCF residents during the study period. These findings suggest that routine assessment of zinc status may help identify nutritional vulnerability among institutionalized older adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:00:06Z","timestamp":1789027206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ward\u2010Level Variation and Clinical Correlates of Low Serum Zinc Among Long\u2010Term Care Facility Residents: A Five\u2010Year Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4625-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norifumi","family":"Kudeken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kubagawa Medical Clinic  Naha Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/919c4178-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00033.Prasad"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-6-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:76:3:193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency and Its Clinical Relevance in Nursing Home Residents","volume":"55","author":"Pepersack T.","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"610","article-title":"Zinc Status, Psychological and Nutritional Assessment in Old People","volume":"41","author":"Marcellini F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115188"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","article-title":"Persistent Zinc Deficiency Among Residents of a Long\u2010Term Care Facility: A Five\u2010Year Longitudinal Study","volume":"18","author":"Kudeken N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zinc, Aging, and Immunosenescence: An Overview","volume":"16","author":"Cabrera \u00c1. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Zinc Deficiency and Inflammation in Ageing: Implications for Frailty and Immune Function","volume":"35","author":"Giacconi R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Research Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"Zinc Status and Risk of Infectious Disease in Older Adults","volume":"8","author":"Barnett J. B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121286"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.70816","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ggi.70816","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.70816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:31:39Z","timestamp":1790231499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.70816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.70816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.70816","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70816"}}