{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:41:48Z","timestamp":1791895308212,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24112716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24112716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24570241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24570241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genes to Cells"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> spermiogenesis involves spermatid activation into spermatozoa. Activation occurs through either SPE\u20108 class\u2010dependent or class\u2010independent pathways. Pronase (Pron) activates the SPE\u20108 class\u2010dependent pathway, whereas no in vitro tools are available to stimulate the SPE\u20108 class\u2010independent pathway. Thus, whether there is a functional relationship between these two pathways is currently unclear. In this study, we found that proteinase K (ProK) can activate the SPE\u20108 class\u2010independent pathway. In vitro spermiogenesis assays using Pron and ProK suggested that SPE\u20108 class proteins act in the hermaphrodite\u2010 and male\u2010dependent spermiogenesis pathways and that some spermatid proteins presumably working downstream of spermiogenesis pathways, including MAP kinases, are preferentially involved in the SPE\u20108 class\u2010dependent pathway. We screened a library of chemicals, and a compound that we named DDI\u20101 inhibited both Pron\u2010 and ProK\u2010induced spermiogenesis. To our surprise, several DDI\u20101 analogues that are structurally similar to DDI\u20101 blocked Pron, but not ProK, induced spermiogenesis. Although the mechanism by which DDI\u20101 blocks spermiogenesis is yet unknown, we have begun to address this issue by selecting two DDI\u20101\u2010resistant mutants. Collectively, our data support a model in which <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> male and hermaphrodite spermiogenesis each has its own distinct, parallel pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T04:47:48Z","timestamp":1547786868000},"page":"244-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Proteinase K is an activator for the male\u2010dependent spermiogenesis pathway in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>: Its application to pharmacological dissection of spermiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Tajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Setsunan University Neyagawa Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futa","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Setsunan University Neyagawa Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Omote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5068-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Setsunan University Neyagawa Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.711101"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.24.3645","article-title":"The presenilin protein family member SPE\u20104 localizes to an ER\/Golgi derived organelle and is required for proper cytoplasmic partitioning during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis","volume":"111","author":"Arduengo P. 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