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In this study, we investigated a role of G\u2010CSF in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). High expression of G\u2010CSF in the tumor tissues of esophageal SCC (ESCC) patients correlated with poor prognosis. Murine SCC NR\u2010S1M cells produce considerable amount of G\u2010CSF, which expression is correlated with its metastatic potentials. Deletion of G\u2010CSF in NR\u2010S1M cells mitigated tumor growth and metastasis to lymph node and lung of subcutaneous NR\u2010S1M tumors in the mice. Mechanistically, G\u2010CSF enhanced cell proliferation in autocrine manner in vitro, whereas in NR\u2010S1M tumor\u2010bearing mice, accumulation of plasma G\u2010CSF was associated with expansion of peripheral neutrophils, which led to a decreased proportion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Antibody depletion of neutrophils restored the number of CD8+ T cells and modestly suppressed tumor outgrowth, albeit no changes in distant metastasis. We propose that G\u2010CSF produced by NR\u2010S1M cells facilitates tumor progression in mice through bi\u2010functional effects to promote neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation, which may render poor prognosis to the ESCC patients with high G\u2010CSF expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.13051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T04:04:54Z","timestamp":1685419494000},"page":"573-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Squamous cell carcinoma\u2010derived <scp>G\u2010CSF<\/scp> promotes tumor growth and metastasis in mice through neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation, associated with poor prognosis of the patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kemuriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science Akita University Graduate 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