{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T09:28:12Z","timestamp":1764062892330,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K08489","JP22K06073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K08489","JP22K06073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genes to Cells"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We created a novel replication\u2010incompetent vector derived from the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2). The vector lacks the\n                    <jats:italic>hemagglutinin\u2010neuraminidase<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>HN<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene (hPIV2\/\u2206HN) that is essential for virus attachment and release. We also generated the stable packaging cell line expressing hPIV2 HN protein derived from Vero cells (Vero\u2010HN). As SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccines, we created hPIV2\/\u2206HN\u2010based SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccines expressing the receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S\u2010RBD) of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, and S\u2010RBD with trimer formation domain (S\u2010RBD\u2010FD) with or without antigen 85B (Ag85B) having strong Th1\u2010type cytokine inducing activity. Intratracheal administration of S\u2010RBD\u2010FD\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN and S\u2010RBD\u2010FD\/Ag85B\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN induced the S\u2010RBD\u2010specific neutralizing antibodies in sera of transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (hACE2\/TG), and also the sera neutralized the pseudo\u2010typed lentivirus expressing the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2009S protein. In particular, in an S\u2010RBD\u2010FD\/Ag85B\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN\u2010administered group, high levels of neutralizing antibodies were induced also in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the hACE2\/TG mice. Further, hACE2\/TG mice vaccinated with S\u2010RBD\u2010FD\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN or S\u2010RBD\u2010FD\/Ag85B\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN did not exhibit weight loss and showed a high survival rate after authentic SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 challenge. These results suggested that S\u2010RBD\u2010FD\/Ag85B\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN is a vaccine candidate against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Finally, hPIV2\/\u2206HN or Ag85B\/hPIV2\/\u2206HN vector will be potentially applicable to vaccine development and\/or human gene therapy for respiratory tract diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T04:20:37Z","timestamp":1761625237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Novel Mucosal Vaccine Vector Derived From Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 and Its Efficacy as a\n                    <scp>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102<\/scp>\n                    Vaccine by Intratracheal Administration Using Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin\u2010Converting Enzyme 2"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Kawano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu N.","family":"Asaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Japan Institute for Health Security  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0390-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidehisa","family":"Sekijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Sciences Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kae","family":"Sakai\u2010Sugino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Tsu City College  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Komada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Horibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department Japan BCG Laboratory  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vaccine Research and Development Hokkaido University  Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myles","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Nursing Mie Prefectural College of Nursing  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yasutomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152529"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103788"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820982633"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.251\u2010259.1999"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421\u2010021\u201000347\u20101"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2113017"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00947\u20108"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2013.024"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109452"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000216628.51563.b1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378\u20101119(89)90358\u20102"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.49"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0826"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264\u2010410x(97)00217\u2010x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01313751"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00671\u201011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.08.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.0864"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066614"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201008910\u20106"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"1305","volume-title":"Fields 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