{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:47:04Z","timestamp":1762076824526,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Groundwater"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monitoring of a well\u2010defined septic system groundwater plume and groundwater discharging to two urban streams located in southern Ontario, Canada, provided evidence of natural attenuation of background low level (ng\/L) perchlorate (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) under denitrifying conditions in the field. The septic system site at Long Point contains\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    from a mix of waste water, atmospheric deposition, and periodic use of fireworks, while the nitrate plume indicates active denitrification. Plume nitrate (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010N) concentrations of up to 103\u2009mg\/L declined with depth and downgradient of the tile bed due to denitrification and anammox activity, and the plume was almost completely denitrified beyond 35\u2009m from the tile bed. The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    natural attenuation occurs at the site only when\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010N concentrations are &lt;0.3\u2009mg\/L, after which\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentrations decline abruptly from 187\u2009\u00b1\u2009202 to 11\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009ng\/L. A similar pattern between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010N and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    was found in groundwater discharging to the two urban streams. These findings suggest that natural attenuation (i.e., biodegradation) of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    may be commonplace in denitrified aquifers with appropriate electron donors present, and thus, should be considered as a remediation option for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      ClO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    contaminated groundwater.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.12031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]],"date-time":"2014-01-06T12:59:01Z","timestamp":1389013141000},"page":"63-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Natural Attenuation of Perchlorate in Denitrified Groundwater"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"William D.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale R.","family":"Van Stempvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Bickerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051360d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5234","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.12.5234-5241.1999","article-title":"Ubiquity and diversity of dissimilatory (per)chlorate\u2010reducing bacteria","volume":"65","author":"Coates J.D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es053280x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1999.00472425002800030036x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-008-9318-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-002-3751-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es903802j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Li L.2010. 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