{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:58:02Z","timestamp":1788872282868,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation, Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2009-351-2- C00168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2009-351-2- C00168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Groundwater"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chlorinated solvents are one of the most commonly detected groundwater contaminants in industrial areas. Identification of polluters and allocation of contaminant sources are important concerns in the evaluation of complex subsurface contamination with multiple sources. In recent years, compound\u2010specific isotope analyses (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) have been employed to discriminate among different contaminant sources and to better understand the fate of contaminants in field\u2010site studies. In this study, the usefulness of dual isotopes (carbon and chlorine) was shown in assessments of groundwater contamination at an industrial complex in Wonju, Korea, where groundwater contamination with chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethene (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and carbon tetrachloride (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) was observed. In November 2009, the detected\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    concentrations at the study site ranged between nondetected and 10,066\u2009\u00b5g\/L, and the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    concentrations ranged between nondetected and 985\u2009\u00b5g\/L. In the upgradient area,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    metabolites were detected, whereas only\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    metabolites were detected in the downgradient area. The study revealed the presence of separate small but concentrated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    pockets in the downgradient area, suggesting the possibility of multiple contaminant sources that created multiple comingling plumes. Furthermore, the variation of the isotopic (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>37<\/jats:sup>\n                      Cl\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    values between the upgradient and downgradient areas lends support to the idea of multiple contamination sources even in the presence of detectable biodegradation. This case study found it useful to apply a spatial distribution of contaminants coupled with their dual isotopic values for evaluation of the contaminated sites and identification of the presence of multiple sources in the study area.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.12130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T23:35:13Z","timestamp":1382657713000},"page":"875-885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Identification of Multiple Sources of Groundwater Contamination by Dual Isotopes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Dugin","family":"Kaown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (BK21 SEES), Seoul National University, Seoul 151\u2010747  Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orfan","family":"Shouakar\u2010Stash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeha","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (BK21 SEES), Seoul National University, Seoul 151\u2010747  Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjung","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Policy Research Group, Korea Environment Institute, Seoul 122\u2010706  Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang\u2010Kun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (BK21 SEES), Seoul National University, Seoul 151\u2010747  Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.2010.00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es803100p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es991179k"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es048592z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2006.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es035238c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(96)00263-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Detailed Investigation and Basic Remediation Design for Contaminated Soil and Groundwater in the Woosan Industrial Complex","author":"Gangwon Province","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106584.2006.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Environmental Isotopes in Biodegradation and Bioremediation","author":"Hunkeler D.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es991178s"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Hunkeler D. R.U.Meckenstock B.Sherwood Lollar T.C.Schmidt andJ.T.Wilson.2008.A Guide for Assessing Biodegradation of Organic Groundwater Contaminants Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA). Ada Oklahoma: United States Environmental protection Agency. EPA 600\/R\u201008\/148 p 68."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2004.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0105111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es981282u"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es8014277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(00)00083-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es034046e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106584.2005.00149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106584.2011.00897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(93)90398-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es001227x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15275920303485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es001583f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es011162d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-2927(95)00025-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1025601031000108688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"Wonju City and Environmental Management Corporation (EMC).2003. Detailed investigation report on contaminated soil and groundwater in the Woosan Industrial Complex and Joongang\u2010dong area in Wonju City Korea."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12303-012-0028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Yang J.E. H.G.Kim andD.J.Kim.2003. Final research report on investigation of potential soil contamination area and its management plan in Wonju City. 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