{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T14:57:42Z","timestamp":1775660262295,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Groundwater"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Open\u2010pit mine dewatering can delay post\u2010closure pit\u2010lake recovery and is increasingly managed using managed aquifer recharge (MAR). We develop a radially symmetric two\u2010aquifer model that couples an unconfined aquifer, a leaky aquitard, and an underlying confined aquifer to a pit water\u2010balance equation, extending Cook et al. (2022) to layered systems. MAR is represented by reinjecting prescribed fractions of the time\u2010varying pumping rate at a ring radius\n r<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , with flexible allocation between unconfined and confined injection. Nondimensionalization yields transferable type curves and a design workflow controlled by\n K<\/jats:italic>\n \n u<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \/\n S<\/jats:italic>\n \n y<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n , Kc\/Sc, \u039b\/\n S<\/jats:italic>\n \n c<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n r<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n , and the far\u2010field head ratio\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n . We evaluate 15 hydrogeologic scenarios (H0\u2013H14) under three MAR allocations (no MAR, MAR\n u80<\/jats:sub>\n , MAR\n split<\/jats:sub>\n ). Across scenarios, reinjecting 80% of pumped water to the unconfined aquifer (MAR\n u80<\/jats:sub>\n ) reduces the time for the pit water level to return within 5\u2009m of the pre\u2010mining unconfined head from 21\u201348\u2009year (no MAR) to 1.8\u201328\u2009year, with a median recovery\u2010time ratio of 0.17, while increasing mean pumping by a median factor of 1.31. Splitting the same reinjection fraction between unconfined and confined aquifers can further shorten recovery when vertical coupling is moderate to high (\u039b\/S\n c<\/jats:sub>\n \u22731), but increases mounding and recycling. Layering matters: for the same MAR policy, the layered base case predicts recovery times a factor of ~2\u20133 shorter than the homogeneous limit. The results provide screening guidance on when confined\u2010aquifer injection can accelerate recovery without unacceptable unconfined mounding.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T14:06:24Z","timestamp":1775657184000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Layered Radial Aquifer Model for Open\u2010Pit Mine Closure with Managed Aquifer Recharge"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1339-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behzad","family":"Ataie Ashtiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Jacobs Group (Australia) Pty Ltd Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-001-0182-4","article-title":"Artificial recharge of groundwater: Hydrogeology and engineering","volume":"10","author":"Bouwer H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hydrogeology Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"BozanB.2021.Assessing Groundwater Recovery Scenarios for Opencast Mining Using Numerical Modelling. PhD thesis Flinders University Adelaide Australia."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.13178","article-title":"Facilitating open pit mine closure with managed aquifer recharge","volume":"60","author":"Cook P.G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.01.076","article-title":"Recent and old groundwater in the Niebla\u2013Posadas regional aquifer, southern Spain: Implications for its management","volume":"523","author":"Scheiber L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Managed aquifer recharge in mining: A review","volume":"61","author":"Sloan S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Groundwater"}],"container-title":["Groundwater"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gwat.70065","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/gwat.70065","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gwat.70065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T14:06:29Z","timestamp":1775657189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gwat.70065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":5,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/gwat.70065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gwat.70065","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-467X","1745-6584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-467X","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-6584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"gwat.70065"}}