{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:53:45Z","timestamp":1785848025684,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Groundwater Monitoring Rem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of a groundwater contaminant (trichloroethene,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) plume after implementation of a source\u2010containment operation at a site in Arizona. The plume resides in a quasi\u2010three\u2010layer system comprising a sand\/gravel unit bounded on the top and bottom by relatively thick silty clayey layers. The system was monitored for 60 months beginning at start\u2010up in 2007 to measure the change in contaminant concentrations within the plume, the change in plume area, the mass of the contaminant removed, and the integrated contaminant mass discharge (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). The concentrations of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in groundwater pumped from the plume extraction wells have declined significantly over the course of operation, as have concentrations for groundwater sampled from 40 monitoring wells located within the plume. The total\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    associated with operation of the plume extraction wells peaked at 0.23 kg\/d, decreased significantly within 1 year, and thereafter began an asymptotic decline to a current value of approximately 0.03 kg\/d. Despite an 87% reduction in contaminant mass and a comparable 87% reduction in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    for the plume, the spatial area encompassed by the plume has decreased by only approximately 50%. This is much less than would be anticipated based on ideal flushing and mass\u2010removal behavior. Simulations produced with a simplified three\u2010dimensional (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) numerical model matched reasonably well to the measured data. The results of the study suggest that permeability heterogeneity, back diffusion, hydraulic factors associated with the specific well field system, and residual discharge from the source zone are all contributing to the observed persistence of the plume, as well as the asymptotic behavior currently observed for mass removal and for the reduction in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gwmr.12077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T05:10:47Z","timestamp":1520226647000},"page":"23-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Persistence of a Groundwater Contaminant Plume after Hydraulic Source Containment at a Chlorinated\u2010Solvent Contaminated Site"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"D. E.","family":"Matthieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Brusseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Plaschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. C.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Brinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-013-1741-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2013.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es200716s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1999-0725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005WR004224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2010.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Conestoga\u2010Rovers & Associates (CRA).2012.Tenth Performance Evaluation Report SGZ and SVE Remedy; March 2012\u2010August 2012; Airport Property Tucson International Airport Area Superfund Site Tucson Arizona; Includes Groundwater Containment Evaluation September 2011 Through August 2012 and Off\u2010Airport Property Performance Standards Attainment Evaluation (Section 3.8). July 2013. Ref. No. 013711 (66)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2010.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC).2010.Use and measurement of mass flux and mass discharge.www.itrcweb.org(accessed June 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004WR003825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002WR001435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Performance evaluations of pump\u2010and\u2010treat remediations. Ground Water Issue Report","author":"Keely J.F.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Leake S.A. andR.T.Hanson.1987.Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Water\u2010Resources Investigation Report. 86\u20134313."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00064a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.07.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"McDonald M.G. andA.W.Harbaugh.1988.A modular three\u2010dimensional finite\u2010difference ground\u2010water flow model. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water\u2010Resources Investigations Chapter A1 586 p."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites","author":"Council National Research","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Groundwater Quality \u2013 Natural and Enhanced Restoration of Groundwater Pollution","author":"Rao P.S.C.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0602748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Groundwater Vista","author":"Rumbaugh J.O.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999WR900162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"C. Zheng 1990 U.S. EPA Robert S. 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