{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:58:41Z","timestamp":1773921521784,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,3]],"date-time":"2015-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Haemophilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overlap in symptoms between joint bleeds and flare\u2010ups of haemophilia arthropathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content>) creates difficulties in differentiating between the two conditions. Diagnosis of haemarthrosis is currently empirically made based upon clinical presentations. However, no standard diagnostic criteria are available. To offer appropriate treatment, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential. Additionally, adequate differentiation can decrease health costs significantly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify signs and symptoms to differentiate between an intra\u2010articular joint bleed and an acute flare\u2010up of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with haemophilia and make an initial proposal of items to include in a diagnostic criteria set.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six focus group interviews with a total of 13 patients and 15 professionals were carried out. The focus groups were structured following the Nominal Group Technique (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most important signs and symptoms used to differentiate between joint bleeds and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> were (i) course of the symptoms, (ii) cause of the complaints, (iii) joint history, (iv) type of pain and (v) degree of impairments in range of motion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This qualitative study provides insight into signs and symptoms that are currently used to differentiate between joint bleeds and flare\u2010ups of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content>. Results of this study can be used to develop a valid and standardized clinical diagnostic criteria set to differentiate between these two conditions. Further research is necessary to validate the signs and symptoms found in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]],"date-time":"2015-12-04T01:31:39Z","timestamp":1449192699000},"page":"368-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["How do patients and professionals differentiate between intra\u2010articular joint bleeds and acute flare\u2010ups of arthropathy in patients with haemophilia?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Timmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Creveldkliniek University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Research Departement of Rehabilitation Nursing Science and Sport Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. F.","family":"Pisters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Research Departement of Rehabilitation Nursing Science and Sport Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care Leidsche Rijn Julius Health Care Center Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"de Kleijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Creveldkliniek University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Research Departement of Rehabilitation Nursing Science and Sport Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Veenhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Research Departement of Rehabilitation Nursing Science and Sport Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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