{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:53:53Z","timestamp":1793336033935,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayer Healthcare, Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Haemophilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was undertaken to determine the correlation between the radiological changes in haemophilic arthropathy [X\u2010ray, Ultrasound (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>] and clinical assessment as determined by the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content>); and to document the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> changes in joints that appear normal on plain X\u2010ray and clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 55 study joints (22 knees and 33 ankles) in 51 patients with haemophilia\/von Willebrand disease, with a median age of 15 years (range: 5\u201317) were assessed using X\u2010rays (Pettersson score) and clinical examination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content>) at two centres (Toronto, Canada; Vellore, India). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> and ultrasonographic scoring was done through a consensus assessment by imagers at both centres using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSG MRI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content> had a good correlation with the Pettersson score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.66). Though the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content> had moderate correlation with the osteochondral component of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> 0.51, 0.45 respectively), its correlation with the soft tissue component was poor (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> 0.19; 0.26 respectively). Of the 18 joints with a Pettersson score of zero, 88.9% had changes that were detected clinically by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content>. Osteochondral abnormalities were identified in 38.9% of these joints by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> images of the same joints were deemed abnormal in 83.3% by the current criteria. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> identified haemosiderin and other soft tissue changes in all of the joints, while the same changes were noted in 94.4% of these joints on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. There were four joints with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content> of zero, all of which had soft tissue changes on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> (score 1\u20137) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> (score 2\u20137). Osteochondral changes were detected in three of these joints by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> and in 2 by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. There were four joints with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> score of 0\u20131 that had significant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> scores (3\u20135) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content> scores (0\u20136).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> are able to identify pathological changes in joints with normal X\u2010ray imaging and clinical examination. However, further studies are required to be able to differentiate early abnormalities from normal. Clinical (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HJHS<\/jats:styled-content>) and radiological assessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) provide complimentary information and should be considered conjointly in the assessment of early joint arthropathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T06:53:21Z","timestamp":1467874401000},"page":"925-933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Correlating clinical and radiological assessment of joints in haemophilia: results of a cross sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"P. M.","family":"Poonnoose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hilliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Doria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. N.","family":"Keshava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gibikote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Kavitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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