{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:32:01Z","timestamp":1791909121965,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Haemophilia"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred years after its first description, major advances in laboratory science and genetics have transformed the diagnosis and clinical characterization of von Willebrand disease (VWD). This review provides an updated overview of diagnostic approaches to VWD, with emphasis on countries with limited resources, the growing role of next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS), and insights gained from external quality assessment (EQA) programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Themes and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, we discuss recent developments in diagnostic testing for VWD, including the use of standardised automated assays and structured bleeding assessment tools that enhance diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. We also propose simplified diagnostic algorithms suited to resource\u2010limited settings, where access to specialised assays remains restricted. Second, we examine the impact of NGS on VWD diagnostics, which enables comprehensive sequencing of the large and complex VWF gene, supports subtype classification, and distinguishes VWD from phenotypically similar disorders such as platelet\u2010type VWD and mild haemophilia A. The ongoing challenges of variant interpretation and incomplete genotype\u2013phenotype correlation are also addressed. Finally, we summarise evidence from international EQA programs showing improved assay precision and diagnostic concordance but highlighting residual variability in laboratory interpretation and testing availability. Together, these developments illustrate a century of progress in the understanding and diagnosis of VWD, underscoring the importance of global harmonization, quality assurance and equitable access to advanced diagnostic tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:41:18Z","timestamp":1776339678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Updated Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease: Global Access, Genomic Insights and Quality Assurance"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6630-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Seidizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukesh","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology Christian Medical College (CMC)  Vellore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3112-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK NEQAS for Blood Coagulation  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00536-8","article-title":"von Willebrand Disease","volume":"10","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V69.2.454.454","article-title":"Epidemiological Investigation of the Prevalence of von Willebrand's Disease","volume":"69","author":"Rodeghiero F.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03661.x","article-title":"The Prevalence of Symptomatic von Willebrand Disease in Primary Care Practice","volume":"8","author":"Bowman M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-023-00375-8","article-title":"Population\u2010Based Prevalence and Mutational Landscape of von Willebrand Disease Using Large\u2010Scale Genetic Databases","volume":"8","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Genomic Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36145-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003265","article-title":"ASH ISTH NHF WFH 2021 Guidelines on the Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease","volume":"5","author":"James P. D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14046","article-title":"WFH Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia","volume":"26","author":"Srivastava A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2010.03.003","article-title":"The Genetic Basis of von Willebrand Disease","volume":"24","author":"Goodeve A. C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03975.x","article-title":"ISTH\/SSC Bleeding Assessment Tool: A Standardized Questionnaire and a Proposal for a New Bleeding Score for Inherited Bleeding Disorders","volume":"8","author":"Rodeghiero F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01847.x","article-title":"A Quantitative Analysis of Bleeding Symptoms in Type 1 von Willebrand Disease: Results From a Multicenter European Study (MCMDM\u20101 VWD)","volume":"4","author":"Tosetto A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24620","article-title":"Clinical Utility of Closure Times Using the Platelet Function Analyzer\u2010100\/200","volume":"92","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Hematology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1776877","article-title":"The Bleeding Time Test in 2024: A Glorious Past and Current Challenges","volume":"50","author":"Undas A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7196-1","volume-title":"Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Methods and Protocols","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Effect of ABO Group on VWF","volume":"69","author":"Gill J. C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3175-1_44","article-title":"Laboratory Testing for von Willebrand Factor Activity by a Glycoprotein Ib\u2010Binding Assay (VWF:GPIbR): HemosIL von Willebrand Factor Ristocetin Cofactor Activity on ACL TOP\u00ae","volume":"2663","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102143","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease in the Age of the New Guidelines: Considerations Based on Geography and Resources","volume":"7","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-249102","article-title":"Common VWF Exon 28 Polymorphisms in African Americans Affecting the VWF Activity Assay by Ristocetin Cofactor","volume":"116","author":"Flood V. H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.70060","article-title":"Effect of the Polymorphic Variant p.D1472H on the Platelet\u2010Dependent VWF Activity Assays","volume":"31","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15247","article-title":"Von Willebrand Disease Type 2N: An Update","volume":"19","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1763259","article-title":"The Role of the von Willebrand Factor Collagen\u2010Binding Assay (VWF:CB) in the Diagnosis and Treatment of von Willebrand Disease (VWD) and Way beyond: A Comprehensive 36\u2010Year History","volume":"50","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-629832","article-title":"VWF Propeptide in Defining VWD Subtypes","volume":"125","author":"Haberichter S. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1365843","article-title":"The UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Heritable Bleeding Disorders","volume":"40","author":"Perry D. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.07.010","article-title":"Evaluation of Bleeding Disorders in Women With Menorrhagia: A Survey of Obstetrician\u2010Gynecologists","volume":"207","author":"Byams V. R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-949665","article-title":"Women and von Willebrand Disease: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management","volume":"32","author":"Kadir R. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S266791","article-title":"Why Is Misdiagnosis of von Willebrand Disease Still Prevalent and How Can We Overcome It? A Focus on Clinical Considerations and Recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Colonne C. K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Blood Medicine"},{"issue":"4706","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3874428","article-title":"Human von Willebrand Factor (vWF): Isolation of Complementary DNA (cDNA) Clones and Chromosomal Localization","volume":"228","author":"Ginsburg D.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1986.051.01.063","article-title":"Cloning of cDNA and Genomic DNA for Human von Willebrand Factor","volume":"51","author":"Sadler J. E.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90060-1","article-title":"Molecular Cloning of cDNA for Human von Willebrand Factor: Authentication by a New Method","volume":"41","author":"Lynch D. C.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.13.4699","article-title":"Construction of cDNA Coding for Human von Willebrand Factor Using Antibody Probes for Colony\u2010Screening and Mapping of the Chromosomal Gene","volume":"13","author":"Verweij C. L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-06-528406","article-title":"von Willebrand Factor Biosynthesis, Secretion, and Clearance: Connecting the Far Ends","volume":"125","author":"Lenting P. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00215a036","article-title":"Human von Willebrand Factor Gene and Pseudogene: Structural Analysis and Differentiation by Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"30","author":"Mancuso D. J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15709","article-title":"Characterization of VWF Gene Conversions Causing von Willebrand Disease","volume":"184","author":"Ahmad F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007216","article-title":"Phenotypic and Genetic Characterizations of the Milan Cohort of von Willebrand Disease Type 2","volume":"6","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112974","article-title":"Gene Deletions Correlate With the Development of Alloantibodies in von Willebrand Disease","volume":"79","author":"Shelton\u2010Inloes B. B.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648835","article-title":"Characterization of Partial Gene Deletions in Type III von Willebrand Disease With Alloantibody Inhibitors","volume":"72","author":"Mancuso D. J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-498303","article-title":"von Willebrand Disease: Advances in Pathogenetic Understanding, Diagnosis, and Therapy","volume":"122","author":"Lillicrap D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648511","article-title":"Characterization of Three Mutations Causing von Willebrand Disease Type IIA in Five Unrelated Families","volume":"67","author":"Inbal A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199208000-00008","article-title":"Molecular Study of von Willebrand Disease: Identification of Potential Mutations in Patients With Type IIA and Type IIB","volume":"3","author":"Pi\u00e9tu G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115122","article-title":"Molecular Basis of von Willebrand Disease Type IIB. Candidate Mutations Cluster in One Disulfide Loop Between Proposed Platelet Glycoprotein Ib Binding Sequences","volume":"87","author":"Randi A. M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657568","article-title":"Gene Defects in 150 Unrelated French Cases With Type 2 von Willebrand Disease: From the Patient to the Gene. INSERM Network on Molecular Abnormalities in von Willebrand Disease","volume":"78","author":"Meyer D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42852-9","article-title":"Impaired Intracellular Transport Produced by a Subset of Type IIA von Willebrand Disease Mutations","volume":"267","author":"Lyons S. E.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05187.x","article-title":"Expression of Two Type 2N von Willebrand Disease Mutations Identified in Exon 18 of von Willebrand Factor Gene","volume":"127","author":"Hilbert L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Phenotype and Genotype of a Cohort of Families Historically Diagnosed With Type 1 von Willebrand Disease in the European Study, Molecular and Clinical Markers for the Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 von Willebrand Disease (MCMDM\u20101VWD) [published correction appears in Blood. 2008 Mar 15;111(6):3299\u2010300]","volume":"109","author":"Goodeve A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-021105","article-title":"The Mutational Spectrum of Type 1 von Willebrand Disease: Results From a Canadian Cohort Study","volume":"109","author":"James P. D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-10-673681","article-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Variability in a Cohort of Patients Diagnosed With Type 1 VWD in the United States","volume":"127","author":"Flood V. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"630","article-title":"An Investigation of the von Willebrand Factor Genotype in UK Patients Diagnosed to Have Type 1 von Willebrand Disease","volume":"96","author":"Cumming A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.055285","article-title":"High\u2010Throughput Molecular Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease by Next Generation Sequencing Methods","volume":"97","author":"Corrales I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.168765","article-title":"Molecular and Clinical Profile of von Willebrand Disease in Spain (PCM\u2010EVW\u2010ES): Comprehensive Genetic Analysis by Next\u2010Generation Sequencing of 480 Patients","volume":"102","author":"Borr\u00e0s N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"08","key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-10-0794","article-title":"Molecular and Clinical Profile of VWD in a Large Cohort of Chinese Population: Application of Next Generation Sequencing and CNVplex\u00ae Technique","volume":"117","author":"Liang Q.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"07","key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1160\/TH15-07-0604","article-title":"Genotype\u2013Phenotype Correlation in a Cohort of Portuguese Patients Comprising the Entire Spectrum of VWD Types: Impact of NGS","volume":"116","author":"Fidalgo T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003397","article-title":"Genotypes of European and Iranian Patients With Type 3 von Willebrand Disease Enrolled in 3WINTERS\u2010IPS","volume":"5","author":"Baronciani L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2025.102730","article-title":"Clinical Utility of Panel\u2010Based Genetic Sequencing for von Willebrand Disease","volume":"9","author":"Ramanan R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20102616\u20105161"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.06.026","article-title":"Unravelling the Spectrum of von Willebrand Factor Variants in Quantitative von Willebrand Disease: Results From a German Cohort Study","volume":"22","author":"Krahforst A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.05.006","article-title":"Application of Genetic Testing for the Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease","volume":"22","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3182035931","article-title":"von Willebrand Disease","volume":"13","author":"James P. D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2025.102686","article-title":"Challenges and Considerations of Genetic Testing in von Willebrand Disease","volume":"9","author":"Seidizadeh O.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2025.288342"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2025.102888","article-title":"Genetic Analysis Using Long\u2010Read Sequencing to Overcome the Difficulties in VWF Gene","volume":"9","author":"Ye S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1753512","article-title":"External Quality Assessment Data for Investigation of von Willebrand Disease: Focus on Relative Utility of Contemporary Functional von Willebrand Factor Assays. The United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK NEQAS) Experience","volume":"48","author":"Jennings I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1753528","article-title":"Evaluating Performance of Contemporary and Historical von Willebrand Factor (VWF) Assays in the Laboratory Identification of von Willebrand Disease (VWD): The Australasian Experience","volume":"48","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1749591","article-title":"Analysis of College of American Pathologists von Willebrand Factor Proficiency Testing Program","volume":"48","author":"Salazar E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"863","article-title":"Assays for von Willebrand Factor Functional Activity: A UK NEQAS Survey. National External Quality Assessment Scheme","volume":"80","author":"Preston F. E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1754354","article-title":"How Do Laboratories Perform von Willebrand Disease Diagnostics and Classification of von Willebrand Disease Patients? Results From External Quality Data and an International Survey","volume":"48","author":"Hollestelle M. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","unstructured":"International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). Plasma Standard[Internet] https:\/\/www.isth.org\/page\/PlasmaStandard. Last accessed 29 Oct 2025."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12964","article-title":"Platelet\u2010Dependent von Willebrand Factor Activity. Nomenclature and Methodology: Communication From the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"13","author":"Bod\u00f3 I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2012.02830.x","article-title":"Difficulties and Pitfalls in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Bleeding Disorders","volume":"18","author":"Bolton\u2010Maggs P. H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19385","article-title":"Guideline for Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring of von Willebrand Disease: A Joint Guideline From the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation and the British Society for Haematology","volume":"204","author":"Platton S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12141","article-title":"Evaluation of a Semi\u2010Automated von Willebrand Factor Multimer Assay, the Hydragel 5 von Willebrand Multimer, by Two European Centers","volume":"2","author":"Bowyer A. E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","unstructured":"External Quality Assurance in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (EQATH)[Internet] https:\/\/eqath.org\/(last accessed 20 Oct 2025)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14956","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges in Lower Resource Countries: State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010Art","volume":"30","author":"Mahlangu J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haemophilia"}],"container-title":["Haemophilia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hae.70218","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hae.70218","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hae.70218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:41:28Z","timestamp":1776339688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hae.70218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hae.70218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hae.70218","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-8216","1365-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-8216","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2516","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"hae.70218"}}