{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:45:24Z","timestamp":1791870324603,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Haemophilia"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a prevalent bleeding disorder resulting from deficiencies and\/or defects in von Willebrand factor (VWF). Accurately diagnosing VWD, particularly distinguishing between qualitative defects (types 2A, 2B, 2\u00a0M, and 2N) and quantitative defects (types 1 and 3), poses challenges that have significant implications for management and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe latest contemporary findings from our geographic region for laboratory\u2010based testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This report outlines the most recent Australasian experience, drawing on data from the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) Quality Assurance Program (QAP) specifically related to VWF testing within their VWD test module. We report outcomes from the past 4 years of distributed samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16), comprising normal (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), type 1 VWD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4), type 2A VWD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4), 2B VWD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2), type 2\u00a0M VWD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) and a factor VIII deficient plasma (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), supplemented with historical program experience since 1998.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among testing methods, VWF:RCo and VWF:GPIbM exhibited the highest variability and error rates, with discrepancies far greater than those observed with VWF:CB and chemiluminescence\u2010based procedures. Laboratories performing 4\u2010test panels including a VWF:CB produced far fewer errors in VWD classification than those performing 3\u2010test panels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings shed light on the factors contributing to elevated error rates in VWD diagnosis, indicating that certain assays and methodologies significantly outperform others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.70427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:00:41Z","timestamp":1791867641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["100 Years of von Willebrand Disease (VWD): Comparison of Historical and Contemporary von Willebrand Factor (VWF) Activity Assays in the Laboratory Identification of VWD"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel J.","family":"Favaloro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR) NSW Health Pathology Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis ICPMR and Research and Education Network (REN) Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Health Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1656-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandya","family":"Arunachalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suite 201 Level 2 RCPAQAP Haematology  St Leonards New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3696-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahzuza","family":"Salwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suite 201 Level 2 RCPAQAP Haematology  St Leonards New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8586-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"Vong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR) NSW Health Pathology Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8237-6743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Pasalic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR) NSW Health Pathology Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis ICPMR and Research and Education Network (REN) Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.70218"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010026\u201036145\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12964"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Recommended Abbreviations for von Willebrand Factor and Its Activities","volume":"86","author":"Mazurier C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02146.x","article-title":"Working Party on von Willebrand Disease Classification. Update on the Pathophysiology and Classification of von Willebrand Disease: A Report of the Subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor","volume":"4","author":"Sadler J. E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614375","article-title":"On Behalf of the RCPA Quality Assurance Program (QAP) in Hematology Scientific Hemostasis Advisory Panel. Laboratory Testing for von Willebrand's Disease: An Assessment of Current Diagnostic Practice and Efficacy by Means of a Multi\u2010Laboratory Survey","volume":"82","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200012000-00006","article-title":"Assessment of Current Diagnostic Practice and Efficacy in Testing for von Willebrand's Disorder: Results From the Second Australasian Multi\u2010Laboratory Survey","volume":"11","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1309\/8WVANM7H0DKTGB9F","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disorder: Current Practice in the Southern Hemisphere","volume":"119","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2004.00897.x","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disorder: Quality and Diagnostic Improvements Driven by Peer Review in a Multi\u2010Laboratory Test Process","volume":"10","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1532\/LH96.04063","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disorder: Use of Multiple Functional Assays Reduces Diagnostic Error Rates","volume":"11","author":"Favaloro E. 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J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.05.020","article-title":"Evaluating Errors in the Laboratory Identification of von Willebrand Disease in the Real World","volume":"134","author":"Favaloro E. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12903"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.07.001","article-title":"Evaluating Errors in the Laboratory Identification of von Willebrand Disease Using Contemporary von Willebrand Factor Assays","volume":"54","author":"Favaloro E. 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