{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:15:00Z","timestamp":1791396900072,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteitis fibrosa cystica (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content>) is the most frequent type of osseous change in renal osteodystrophy affecting the majority of dialysis patients. Brown tumors are a severe form of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content>. The involvement of the craniofacial skeleton causing facial disfigurement in patients on dialysis appears to be limited to case reports. After searching PubMed, we performed a systematic review of 127 cases with a severe form of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content> resulting in a facial disfigurement to understand possible determinants for this condition. We found that since the first published case in 1974, and after a peak in 1996, there appears to be an increase in published reported cases. Only 27.6% of these cases were published in nephrology journals. The most common region for reported cases was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orth <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>merica. Mean age of these patients was 31.2 years with a mean dialysis duration of 7 years. Almost 67% were women, and almost all were on hemodialysis. The disease tended to most commonly localize to the maxilla (73.2%) and mandible (57.5%). As part of the treatment, 59% of patients had a parathyroidectomy. More than one\u2010third (35.4%) had symptomatic improvement at follow\u2010up. Mean follow\u2010up was 1.6 years. Clinicians should be aware of this clinical presentation of a severe form of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or brown tumors. Timely diagnosis and intervention may help to prevent or decrease destructive bone changes and reduce negative psychological consequences of facial disfigurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T22:43:04Z","timestamp":1427841784000},"page":"583-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Facial disfigurement due to osteitis fibrosa cystica or brown tumor from secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis: A systematic review and an illustrative case report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rafael M.","family":"Baracaldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Nassau University Medical Center  East Meadow NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dashi","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Nassau University 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