{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:32:49Z","timestamp":1776889969521,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reduction of blood volume below a critical threshold is assumed to trigger intradialytic morbid events (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content>). Recently, we presented a simple method to determine the absolute blood volume during routine hemodialysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>) carried out without blood sampling and without injection of dyes or radiolabeled markers. Such information could be used to detect excessive volume reduction during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content> and to prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content>. Therefore, we performed a pilot study in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010prone patients to identify the absolute blood volume at which they developed clinical symptoms. A volume of 240\u2009mL of ultrapure dialysate was automatically infused into the extracorporeal circulation using the bolus function of a commercial online hemodiafiltration machine incorporating a blood volume monitor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BVM<\/jats:styled-content>). The increase in relative blood volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content>) caused by the infusion was measured and used to determine the absolute blood volume at that time. The blood volume per kilogram body mass at the time of symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content> was also determined. All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010prone patients of a single\u2010dialysis center were included in the study. Ten out of 12 patients became symptomatic at a specific blood volume between 65 and 56\u2009mL\/kg (mean 62\u2009mL\/kg) whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> showed a wide scatter (82\u201397%). A specific blood volume of 65\u2009mL\/kg seems to represent the threshold for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content> by this method. The technique could be completely automated without altering the hardware of the dialysis device. Present feedback systems for automated blood volume\u2010controlled ultrafiltration could be adapted to maintain absolute blood volume above this critical volume to safely prevent volume\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T09:04:28Z","timestamp":1444899868000},"page":"321-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Determination of the critical absolute blood volume for intradialytic morbid events"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Kron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schneditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Medical University of Graz  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