{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:21:46Z","timestamp":1790878906920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1K23DK098281-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23DK098281-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients receiving hemodialysis, abnormalities in calcium regulation have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Cinacalcet lowers serum calcium concentrations through its effect on parathyroid hormone secretion and has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. In observational cohort studies, prescriptions of low dialysate calcium concentration and larger observed serum\u2013dialysate calcium gradients have been associated with higher risks of in\u2010dialysis facility or peri\u2010dialytic sudden cardiac arrest. We performed this study to examine the risks associated with dialysate calcium and serum\u2013dialysate gradients among participants in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>valuation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>inacalcet <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ydrochloride <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>herapy to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>ower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ardiovascular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>vents (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVOLVE<\/jats:styled-content>) trial. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVOLVE<\/jats:styled-content>, 3883 hemodialysis patients were randomized 1:1 to cinacalcet or placebo. Dialysate calcium was administered at the discretion of treating physicians. We examined whether baseline dialysate calcium concentration or the serum\u2013dialysate calcium gradient modified the effect of cinacalcet on the following adjudicated endpoints: (1) primary composite endpoint (death or first non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or peripheral vascular event); (2) cardiovascular death; and (3) sudden death. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVOLVE<\/jats:styled-content>, use of higher dialysate calcium concentrations was more prevalent in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>urope and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>atin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>merica compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orth <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>merica. There was a significant fall in serum calcium concentration in the cinacalcet group; dialysate calcium concentrations were changed infrequently in both groups. There was no association between baseline dialysate calcium concentration or serum\u2013dialysate calcium gradient and the endpoints examined. Neither the baseline dialysate calcium nor the serum\u2013dialysate calcium gradient significantly modified the effects of cinacalcet on the outcomes examined. The effects of cinacalcet on cardiovascular death and major cardiovascular events are not altered by the dialysate calcium prescription and serum\u2013dialysate calcium gradient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T08:30:41Z","timestamp":1447403441000},"page":"421-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cinacalcet, dialysate calcium concentration, and cardiovascular events in the <scp>EVOLVE<\/scp> trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Patrick H.","family":"Pun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Nephrology  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn M.","family":"Chertow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Correa\u2010Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City District Federal Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Dehmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen, Inc  Thousand Oaks California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman B.","family":"Dr\u00fceke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm Unit 1088 UFR M\u00e9decine\/Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie  Amiens France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Floege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der RWTH Aachen  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen, Inc  Thousand Oaks California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard M.","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Manh\u00e8s  Paris France"},{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine 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