{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T13:32:24Z","timestamp":1745933544328},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\u2003Staphylococcal infection of endogenous origin is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who receive hemodialysis (HD). The risk of such infections in nasal carriers of the organism is well defined. Extranasal carriage of the organism at extranasal sites may pose similar risks. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\u2003A total of 70 patients about to undergo internal jugular vein catheterization for HD were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Swab cultures were obtained from anterior nares, posterior pharynx, axillae, toe web spaces, and vascular access sites at baseline and 1 week later. A patient was defined as a persistent carrier when the same organism was grown in both samples. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> bloodstream infections were assessed by blood and catheter tip cultures over a 90\u2010day period. <jats:bold>Findings:<\/jats:bold>\u2003The mean age of the patients was 43.71\u2009\u00b1\u200916.2 years. Persistent <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> carriage at anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, vascular access site, and all sites was documented in 27.9%, 11.4%, 40%, 32.9%, 4.3%, and 64.2% of patients, respectively. Fifteen patients developed <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> infections. Catheter related <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> infections (CRI) were more likely in persistent carriers than nonpersistent carriers with odds ratios (95% CI) of 10.2 (2.8\u201337.1), 8.6 (1.7\u201342.2), 17.3\u00a0(3.4\u201386.0), 3.0 (0.9\u20139.8), and 1.9 (0.2\u201322.4) for anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, and vascular access site carriers, respectively. The probability of developing CRI in persistent <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0carriers was 55% compared to none in noncarriers at 90 days (P\u2009=\u20090.04). <jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold>\u2003Extranasal <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> carriage is as significant a risk factor as nasal carriage for staphylococcal infections in patients on HD through catheters. The study is limited by lack of molecular phenotyping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T04:56:55Z","timestamp":1467262615000},"page":"35-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Extranasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> colonization predisposes to bloodstream infections in patients on hemodialysis with noncuffed internal jugular vein\u00a0catheters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anand","family":"Devraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkata","family":"Siva Tez Pinnamaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 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