{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:12Z","timestamp":1787014272515,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Skin manifestations are commonly seen in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Skin involvement in this population can be extensive and dramatically worsen quality of life. Close observation of the skin and nails of ESRD patients by clinicians allows for timely diagnosis and treatment, which ultimately improves quality of life and reduces mortality. In this article we focus on the cutaneous changes most commonly seen in ESRD patients. PubMed\/Medline database search was done for published literature on skin manifestations in ESRD patients. All the available literature was reviewed and relevant articles were used to discuss about clinical features, pathogenesis, histology and treatment of each skin disorder in ESRD patients. Most commonly encountered skin manifestations in patients with ESRD are pruritus, xerosis, pigmentation changes, nail changes, perforating disorders, calcifying disorders, bullous dermatoses and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Skin manifestations in ESRD can be difficult to treat and multiple comorbidities in this patient population can exacerbate these disorders. Many of the treatment options are experimental with evidence largely derived from the case reports and small clinical trials. More large\u2010scale trials are needed to firmly establish evidence based treatment guidelines. Prompt evaluation and management of these disorders improve morbidity and quality of life in ESRD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T06:23:37Z","timestamp":1544077417000},"page":"3-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dermatologic manifestations in end stage renal disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Taryn","family":"Blaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Akron General Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Nigwekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urvashi","family":"Kaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Krishnappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akron Nephrology Associates\/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Akron Ohio USA"},{"name":"Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Raina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Cleveland Clinic Akron General Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 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