{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:37:45Z","timestamp":1790282265198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008257","name":"Tarbiat Modares University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) is the main cause of gastrointestinal complications in hemodialysis patients due to their impaired immune systems. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to evaluate the prevalence and odds ratio (OR) of IPIs in this population. Relevant eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar databases up to January 30, 2019. A random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, OR, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty\u2010two studies, from Turkey, Iran, Brazil, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Malaysia met eligibility criteria for analysis, and included 11 using a case\u2013control design (980 patients and 893 controls) and 11 studies using a cross\u2010sectional design (a total of 1455 participants). Cross\u2010sectional studies suggested that the pooled prevalence of IPIs in hemodialysis patients was 24% (95% CI, 14\u201336%; 307\/1455). In studies using a case\u2013control design, the pooled prevalence of IPIs in hemodialysis patients (30%, 330\/980) was found to be significantly higher than controls (10%, 115\/893) (OR, 3.40; 95%CI, 2.37\u20134.87). With respect to the parasites, <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. (OR, 4.49; 95%CI, 2.64\u20137.64) and <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. (OR, 4.03; 95%CI, 1.20\u201313.51) were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the controls. The current study revealed a high prevalence of IPIs in hemodialysis patients from countries in which the baseline prevalence of parasitic infection is high. We recommend that periodic screenings for IPIs in such countries should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T15:03:23Z","timestamp":1575558203000},"page":"12-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients from developing countries: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Taghipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Olfatifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Foroutan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences  Abadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VeneelaKrishnaRekha","family":"Vasigala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rangaraya Medical College NTR University of Health Sciences  Kakinada India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00950208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm851"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"S134","article-title":"Immunocompromised patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; a susceptible group to intestinal parasites","volume":"11","author":"Taghipour A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among pre\u2010school children in tribal villages of North Maharashtra, India","volume":"2","author":"Mane M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Division of Control of Tropical Diseases (CTD): Progress Report","author":"Organization WH","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00886.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Microsporidia infection among various groups of the immunocompromised patients","volume":"35","author":"Hassan NA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Meta: An R package for meta\u2010analysis","volume":"7","author":"Schwarzer G","year":"2007","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2018016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0778-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652013000200001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/563478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702008000400017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in hemodialysis patients","volume":"10","author":"Mohaghegh MA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2006.00133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"797","article-title":"Opportunistic parasitic infections among immunocom\u2010promised patients","volume":"40","author":"Baiomy AMS","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. in immunocompromised patients by modified acid\u2010fast staining, cassette kit and ELISA methods: Comparison of the diagnostic techniques","volume":"10","author":"Tas Cengiz Z","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Prevalence of parasitic infections in Iranian stable hemodialysis patients","volume":"29","author":"Seyrafian S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Medical Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients","volume":"35","author":"Tappeh KH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasitic and fungal agents in hemodialysis patients in Isfahan","volume":"28","author":"Naiini AE","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Isfahan Med School"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium in immunosuppressed patients","volume":"17","author":"Baqai R","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821998000400001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1046-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1308547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000049072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Intestinal spore\u2010forming protozoa among patients suffering from chronic renal failure","volume":"30","author":"Ali M","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Investigation of Cryptosporidium spp. in patients with diarrhea or undergoing haemodialysis in the region of Elaz\u0131\u011f","volume":"24","author":"Y\u00fccel A","year":"2000","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica\/Entamoeba dispar infection in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"22","author":"Ferreira\u2010Filho SR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"714","article-title":"Investigation of intestinal parasites in dialysis patients","volume":"34","author":"Karadag G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2558-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.1.145-154.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Characteristics of Blastocystis hominis infection in a Turkish university hospital","volume":"31","author":"Ozcakir O","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1761-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"S102","article-title":"Study of prevalence, distribution and clinical significance of Blastocystis isolated from two medical centers in Iran","volume":"10","author":"Rezaei Riabi T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936113504754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5535-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Study of Blastocystis frequency among IBD patients referred to a gastroenterology center","volume":"12","author":"Mohammad Ali Gol S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian J Veterinary Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91711-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis: Intestinal parasite or commensal?","volume":"138","author":"Reinthaler F","year":"1988","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.208-217.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90656-5"}],"container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhdi.12796","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hdi.12796","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hdi.12796","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hdi.12796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T09:54:11Z","timestamp":1694166851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hdi.12796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hdi.12796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hdi.12796","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1492-7535","1542-4758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1492-7535","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-4758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}