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However, there is no information from prospective studies on the long terms effects of DHD on these key cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a 4 year, prospective cohort study of 26 DHD and 51 matched CHD patients on the effect of DHD (six sessions\/week\u2009\u00d7\u20093 h) versus CHD (three sessions\/week\u2009\u00d7\u20094 h), 15 DHD, and 26 CHD patients completed 4\u2010years follow\u2010up. Measures of left ventricular mass index (LVMI), blood pressures, hemoglobin, and mineral metabolism markers were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the DHD group than the CHD group at 4\u2010year follow\u2010up, 128\u2009mmHg (95% CI, 111\u2013143) versus 148\u2009mmHg (95% CI, 137\u2013158) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and 60\u2009mmHg (95% CI, 56\u201363) versus 71\u2009mmHg (95% CI, 64\u201376) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). DHD was associated with fewer patients taking any anti\u2010hypertensive drug therapy than CHD, 50% versus 80% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). DHD was associated with improved attainment of mineral metabolism goals for phosphorus (adjusted HR 3.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and calcium\u2009\u00d7\u2009phosphorus product (adjusted HR 3.66, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) at 4\u2010years follow\u2010up compared to CHD. At 4\u2009years, there was a nonsignificant trend toward lower LVMI in the DHD than in the CHD group: 116\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (95% CI, 97\u2013136) versus 138\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (95% CI, 115\u2013172) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.23). Similarly, improvements in hemoglobin also persisted at 4\u2009years follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DHD is associated with long\u2010term (4\u2009year) improvements in key cardiovascular risk factors: blood pressure, mineral metabolism, and anemia with trends toward improved LVMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.13096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T07:19:05Z","timestamp":1685603945000},"page":"259-269","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long term reduction of cardiovascular risk factors associated with three hour daily dialysis: A prospective, cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Achinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Watson Clinic, LLP  Lakeland Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of 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