{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:51:16Z","timestamp":1792191076068,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is complex. The etiology of headache in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      population is often multifactorial, and attributing causality to specific pathophysiological mechanisms is challenging. Headaches can occur any time during the infection and may be primary (as in non\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected patients) or secondary (either from\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      directly or due to opportunistic disease).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Direct HIV related headaches are due to the underlying viral pathophysiology. For example, acute meningitis can be seen during\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101 seroconversion. Headaches can occur during symptomatic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and also after an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010defining illness. Late\u2010stage\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      headache can occur without any pleocytosis. A correlation between viral load and neurological symptoms including headache has been suggested. There may be similar mechanisms involving migraine, tension\u2010type headache, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Secondary\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      headaches can be related to opportunistic infections, malignancy, medications used to treat\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and immune restoration inflammatory syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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