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It primarily manifests in the renal and extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, and is associated with major vascular events such as carotid artery dissection, renal artery dissection, ruptured aneurysm, transient ischemic attack, stroke, and myocardial infarction (due to coronary artery dissection).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is a wide spectrum of disease severity among\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients. Symptoms of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are related to the vascular beds involved and the severity of arterial stenoses. Headache is an extremely common and important symptom reported by patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , although the precise mechanism of headache in this population is not yet known.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This review summarizes the most recent literature regarding\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , including epidemiology, clinical manifestations, imaging practices, and treatment. Special attention will be paid to the association of headaches and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Correct diagnosis, optimal medical management, and appropriate referral for vascular intervention are vital elements of the treatment of patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . There is a great need for more clinical research regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and optimal treatment of headache in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patient population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T02:53:46Z","timestamp":1429239226000},"page":"748-755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fibromuscular Dysplasia: An Update for the Headache Clinician"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Poria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sol Price School of Public Policy University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Gornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine Section Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)71895-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pathologic classification of renal arterial disease in renovascular hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Harrison EG","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mayo Clin 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