{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:53:25Z","timestamp":1776207205905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aims to develop and validate a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      erman version of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rench and colleagues\u2019 Headache Management Self\u2010efficacy Scale and to construct an abbreviated form for use in behavioral headache research. Furthermore, the contribution of headache\u2010specific self\u2010efficacy to pain\u2010related disability in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      erman chronic headache sufferers was examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache\u2010specific self\u2010efficacy refers to an individuals\u2019 confidence that they can engage in behaviors to either prevent headache episodes or to manage headache\u2010related pain and disability. Self\u2010efficacy beliefs have been shown repeatedly to be positively associated with psychological well\u2010being, effective coping, and enhanced treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional sample of 304 individuals diagnosed with either migraine, chronic tension\u2010type headache, or a combination of 2 or more headache disorders completed the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      erman Headache Management Self\u2010efficacy Scale and questionnaires assessing headache activity, pain\u2010related coping, general self\u2010efficacy, depression, and anxiety. Responsiveness of the scale was analyzed in a longitudinal subsample of 32 inpatients undergoing headache treatment. Finally, a short form was constructed and evaluated regarding psychometric properties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      erman Headache Management Self\u2010efficacy Scale showed good reliability (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ronbach's \u03b1\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.87) as did the 6\u2010item short form (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ronbach's \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.72). In the longitudinal sample, both versions showed a good ability to change over time (SRM= 0.52\u20101.16). Chronic headache patients with higher levels of self\u2010efficacy reported lower levels of disability (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.26 to \u22120.31). Multiple regression analyses revealed headache intensity and headache\u2010specific self\u2010efficacy as strongest predictors of headache\u2010related disability (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        \u03b2\n                        <jats:sub>self\u2010efficacy<\/jats:sub>\n                        \u2009\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22120.21,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        \u03b2\n                        <jats:sub>intensity<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.26).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the 25\u2010item version and the 6\u2010item version appear to be valid, reliable measures of self\u2010efficacy beliefs. These scales will allow clinicians to identify headache sufferers with low levels of headache\u2010specific self\u2010efficacy with the goal of enhancing this expectancy for improvement. The new short form can help accomplish this goal without adding significantly to the burden of the self\u2010report assessment batteries used in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T03:55:20Z","timestamp":1429674920000},"page":"958-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["<scp>G<\/scp>\n                    erman Language Adaptation of the\n                    <scp>H<\/scp>\n                    eadache\n                    <scp>M<\/scp>\n                    anagement\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    elf\u2010Efficacy\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    cale (\n                    <scp>HMSE<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>G<\/scp>\n                    ) and Development of a New Short Form (\n                    <scp>HMSE<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>G<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>SF<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Graef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Philipps\u2010University of Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Rief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Philipps\u2010University of Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Moncton   Moncton Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Nilges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology German Red Cross Pain Centre Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Nestoriuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00293-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1999.019004211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of human behavior","author":"Bandura A","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3809662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01866.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9223-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.6.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-008-9060-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.76.3.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). 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