{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T03:22:14Z","timestamp":1772508134886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To undertake the epidemiological evaluation of the patients presenting with side\u2010locked headache and facial pain in a tertiary neurology outpatient clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Side\u2010locked unilateral headache and facial pain include a large number of primary and secondary headaches and cranial neuropathies. A diagnostic approach for the patients presenting with strictly unilateral headaches is important as many of these headache disorders respond to a highly selective drug. Epidemiological data may guide us to formulate a proper approach for such patients. However, the literature is sparse on strictly unilateral headache and facial pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively recruited 307 consecutive adult patients (&gt;18 years) with side\u2010locked headache and facial pain presenting to a neurology outpatient clinic between July 2014 and December 2015. All patients were subjected to MRI brain and other investigations to find out the different secondary causes. The diagnosis was carried out by at least two headache specialists together. All patients were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorder\u2010third edition (ICHD\u20103\u03b2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age at the time of examination was 42.4\u2009\u00b1\u200913.6 years (range 18\u201080 years). Forty\u2010eight percent of patients were male. Strictly unilateral headaches accounted for 19.2% of the total headaches seen in the clinic. Headaches were classified as primary in 58%, secondary in 18%, and cranial neuropathies and other facial pain in 16% patients. Five percent of patients could not be classified. Three percent of patients were classified as per the Appendix section of ICHD\u20103\u03b2. The prevalence of secondary headaches and painful cranial neuropathies increased with age. A total of 36 different diagnoses were made. Only two diseases (migraine and cluster headache) had a prevalence of more than 10%. The prevalence of 13 diseases varied between 6 and 9%. The prevalence of other 14 groups was \u22641%.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine was the most common diagnosis (15%). Cervicogenic headache was the most common secondary headache. Classical trigeminal neuralgias and persistent idiopathic facial pain were two most common diagnoses in the painful cranial neuropathies and other facial pain groups. Sixty\u2010one percent fulfilled the definition of chronic daily headaches, and hemicrania continua and cervicogenic headache were the two most common diagnoses in this group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A large number of primary and secondary headaches and cranial neuropathies may present as side\u2010locked headache and facial pain syndromes. Therefore, a sound knowledge of diagnostic approach is required for the optimal management of side locked headaches and facial pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T04:27:34Z","timestamp":1464928054000},"page":"1183-1193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Cross\u2010Sectional Clinic\u2010Based Study in Patients With Side\u2010Locked Unilateral Headache and Facial Pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University Piperia Baroda Gujarat 3901760 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaturbhuj","family":"Rathore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University Piperia Baroda Gujarat 3901760 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prayag","family":"Makwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University Piperia Baroda Gujarat 3901760 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University Piperia Baroda Gujarat 3901760 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658","article-title":"The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"33","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3307381.x","article-title":"Clinical considerations on side\u2010locked unilaterality in long\u2010lasting primary headaches","volume":"33","author":"Leone M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1994.hed3409526.x","article-title":"Side\u2010locked unilaterality and pain localization in long\u2010lasting headaches: Migraine, tension\u2010type headache, and cervicogenic headache","volume":"34","author":"D'Amico D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-011-0035-7","article-title":"Clinical features of unilateral headaches beyond migraine and cluster headache and their response to indomethacin","volume":"123","author":"Seidel S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000345707","article-title":"Diagnostic distribution of 100 unilateral, side\u2010locked headaches consulting a specialized clinic","volume":"69","author":"Ram\u00f3n C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-006-0292-4","article-title":"The rare, unilateral headaches. VAGA study of headache epidemiology","volume":"8","author":"Sjaastad O","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02196.x","article-title":"Side\u2010locked and side shifting primary headache","volume":"52","author":"Da Silva AN","year":"2012","journal-title":". Headache."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01607.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of fixed unilateral headaches","volume":"28","author":"Leone M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0431-6","article-title":"New daily persistent headache: An update","volume":"18","author":"Rozen TD.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dad5de","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic subforms of new daily\u2010persistent headache","volume":"74","author":"Robbins MS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411424620","article-title":"New daily persistent headache: Should migrainous features be incorporated?","volume":"31","author":"Peng KP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0461-6","article-title":"Refining clinical features and therapeutic options of new daily persistent headache: A retrospective study of 63 patients in India","volume":"13","author":"Prakash S","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181ad8d67","article-title":"Symptomatic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias","volume":"15","author":"Cittadini E","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurologist."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.08.023","article-title":"Incidence of facial pain in the general population","volume":"147","author":"Koopman JS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d5f32","article-title":"Chronic daily headache: An evidence\u2010based and systematic approach to a challenging problem","volume":"76","author":"Halker RB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology."}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhead.12842","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.12842","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1762086756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.12842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.12842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12842","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]}}}