{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:01:44Z","timestamp":1791241304786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a summary of knowledge about the use of melatonin in the treatment of primary headache disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland; its production is regulated by the hypothalamus and increases during periods of darkness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a narrative review of the literature on the role of melatonin in the treatment of primary headache disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are randomized placebo\u2010controlled trials examining melatonin for preventive treatment of migraine and cluster headache. For cluster headache, melatonin 10 mg was superior to placebo. For migraine, a randomized placebo\u2010controlled trial of melatonin 3 mg (immediate release) was positive, though an underpowered trial of melatonin 2 mg (sustained release) was negative. Uncontrolled studies, case series, and case reports cover melatonin's role in treating tension\u2010type headache, hypnic headache, hemicrania continua, SUNCT\/SUNA and primary stabbing headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melatonin may be effective in treating several primary headache disorders, particularly cluster headache and migraine. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of benefit of melatonin in different headache disorders, as well as clarifying optimal dosing and formulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T22:18:08Z","timestamp":1466201888000},"page":"1257-1266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Role of Melatonin in the Treatment of Primary Headache Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Amy A.","family":"Gelfand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology UCSF Pediatric Headache San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Goadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology UCSF Pediatric Headache San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"NIHR\u2010Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility 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