{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:17:02Z","timestamp":1790367422832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Unnecessary confusion still surrounds the use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in the setting of migraine with aura (MwA). Clearing this confusion is a key issue for headache specialists, since most women with migraine have menstrual\u2010related migraine (MRM), and some CHCs can prevent this particularly severe migraine. Their use, however, is still restricted by current guidelines due to concerns of increased stroke risk \u2013 concerns that originated over half a century ago in the era of high dose contraceptives. Yet studies consistently show that stroke risk is not increased with today's very low dose CHCs containing 20\u201025 \u00b5g ethinyl estradiol (EE), and continuous ultra low\u2010dose formulations (10\u201015 \u00b5g EE) may even reduce aura frequency, thereby potentially decreasing stroke risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article clarifies the stroke risk of CHCs and examines their impact on migraine. It also examines how stroke risk is altered by the estrogen content of the CHC, by contributing factors such as smoking, age and hypertension, and by aura frequency. And finally, it puts these risks into a meaningful context with a risk\/benefit assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T02:52:55Z","timestamp":1477277575000},"page":"184-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Hormonal Contraceptives and Migraine With Aura\u2014Is There Still a Risk?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Anne H.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Headache Institute Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MosherWD MartinezGM ChandraA AbmaJC WillsonSJ Use of contraception and use of family planning services in the United States: 1982\u20102002.Advance Data.2004:1\u201336.","DOI":"10.1037\/e609122007-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181cb50b5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TepperNK WhitemanMK ZapataLB MarchbanksPA CurtisKM.Safety of hormonal contraceptives among women with migraine: A systematic review. 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