{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:10:59Z","timestamp":1791303059867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfaction\u2010related symptoms accompany migraine attacks and some, such as osmophobia, may be useful in differentiating migraine from other types of headaches. However, the types and frequencies of olfactory symptoms associated with migraine have not been well characterized. The goal of this study was to better characterize the olfactory symptoms of migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was devised. One hundred and thirteen patients who met the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria for migraine were administered a new 65\u2010item questionnaire specifically focused on olfaction\u2010related experiences (eg, odor\u2010related triggers, osmophobia, cacosmia, phantosmia, olfactory hallucinations, olfactory hypersensitivity, and self\u2010perceived olfactory function). Visual analog scale ratings and frequencies were computed and compared between migraineurs with and without auras using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests and chi\u2010square analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While osmophobia was present in 95.5% of the patients, the prevalence of other olfaction\u2010related symptoms was much lower (interictal olfactory hypersensitivity [IOH], 14.1%; olfactory hallucinations, 6.2%; phantosmia, 4.4%; cacosmia\/euosmia, 2.6%). Migraine was commonly triggered by odors (90.2%), with perfume being the most common trigger (95.1%), followed by cleaning products (81.3%), cigarette smoke (71.5%), and motor vehicle exhaust (70.5%). No significant differences in symptom frequencies were apparent between migraineurs with or without auras (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.40). Interestingly, patients with IOH reported being less likely to experience osmophobia and odor\u2010triggered crisis than did those without this symptom (respective percentages: 75% vs. 99% and 69% vs. 94%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009.002). Osmophobia and odor triggered headache were associated with a mild decrease in self\u2010reported olfactory acuity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Odor\u2010related disturbances were common symptoms of the 113 migraineurs, with nearly all reporting osmophobia. Perfume odor was the most common trigger for the migraine. The reported symptoms did not differ between patients with and without auras. Patients who experienced IOH appeared to fundamentally differ from those who did not experience IOH in terms of the incidence of osmophobia and odor\u2010triggered crisis. Subjects who reported experiencing osmophobia and odor\u2010triggered headache reported having worse olfactory acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T06:40:41Z","timestamp":1477377641000},"page":"1608-1616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Olfactory symptoms reported by migraineurs with and without auras"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio","family":"Fornazieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anibal Rodrigues","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"de Rezende Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Henrique","family":"Gobbi Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"de Lima Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Louis","family":"Voegels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Doty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Test Center Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(10)97007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0458-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1387-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411410612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105312446773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01589.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-010-0109-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2011000300011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416636098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.00266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412461401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412438975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413495969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/450939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414527014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"776","article-title":"Migraine, osmophobia, and anxiety","volume":"17","author":"Rocha\u2010Filho PA","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1903-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01672.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411436125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414535998"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410382795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f0f10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05147_2.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411423315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414550106"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhead.12973","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhead.12973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.12973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:12:38Z","timestamp":1762074758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.12973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.12973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12973","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]}}}