{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:05:40Z","timestamp":1791504340264,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,16]],"date-time":"2017-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16K19839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K19839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the imaging characteristics and diagnostic utility of the \u201cDinosaur tail sign\u201d in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors propose the \u201cDinosaur tail sign,\u201d defined as a combination of the dorsal epidural hyperintensities, fat tissue, spinal cord, and cauda equine on lumbosacral sagittal fat\u2010suppressed T2\u2010weighted image (FST2WI), as a sensitive indicator for diagnosing CSF leakage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging characteristics of the \u201cDinosaur tail sign\u201d was evaluated in seven spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and 23 iatrogenic CSF leakage (ICSFL) patients. Additionally, the diagnostic index was compared between the \u201cDinosaur tail sign\u201d and other previously reported useful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In contrast to other imaging findings including the epidural expansion, floating dural sac sign, and distension of the spinal epidural veins on MRI, and paraspinal fluid collections (PFC) on MRM, the \u201cDinosaur tail sign\u201d was found equally in both SIH and ICSFL patients (6 SIH and 19 ICSFL; 83% of all patients with CSF leakage). The \u201cDinosaur tail sign\u201d showed sufficient diagnostic utility (sensitivity 83%, specificity 94%, accuracy 89%) that was comparable to that of PFC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cDinosaur tail sign\u201d is a useful imaging finding suggestive of CSF leakage. Evaluation of subtle interspinous arched hyperintensities on spinal MRI is mandatory for the diagnosis of SIH and ICSFL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:36:38Z","timestamp":1492389398000},"page":"917-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dinosaur Tail Sign: A Useful Spinal MRI Finding Indicative of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Keita","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Center of Gerontology  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Kanoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine Yamagata 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