{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:26:54Z","timestamp":1783524414512,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is associated with several important visual symptoms, during both acute attacks and headache\u2010free intervals. The purpose of this investigation was to use validated vision\u2010related quality of life instruments to assess the effect of migraine on visual quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many migraineurs experience visual aura, increased photophobia during and between headache attacks, and increased symptoms of dry eye with structural changes in corneal nerve endings. Other visual symptoms associated with migraine include positive persistent visual phenomenon (visual snow) and transient vision changes. Previous research looking at the disability associated with migraine has shown that patient\u2010reported quality of life data can be useful in determining the severity of disease burden. Recent published literature has suggested that visual symptoms related to migraine represent a proportionally minor burden to patients, compared to other manifestations of migraine, but no previous studies have assessed how migraine affects visual quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional quantitative survey, visual quality of life in individuals with chronic and episodic migraine was assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025, and the 10\u2010item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025 Neuro\u2010Ophthalmic Supplement. Overall headache severity and impact was assessed using the Migraine\u2010specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Version 2.1) and the Headache Impact Test\u20106. Participants were recruited from Headache and Neuro\u2010ophthalmology subspecialty clinics. The target sample size was 30 participants per subgroup. The results were compared to those from disease\u2010free controls and to results from other neuro\u2010ophthalmic disease quality of life studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 29 participants with chronic migraine, vision\u2010specific quality of life scores were all statistically significantly decreased compared to disease\u2010free controls. The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025 median composite score was 85 for chronic migraineurs and 96 for controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The 10\u2010item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025 Neuro\u2010Ophthalmic Supplement median score was 72 for chronic migraineurs and 95 for controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Among 37 participants with episodic migraine, vision\u2010specific quality of life scores were also decreased compared to disease\u2010free controls. In the episodic migraine group, decreases in the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025 scores were not statistically significant (median score 91,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01 compared to the control group), but decreases in the 10\u2010item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025 Neuro\u2010Ophthalmic Supplement remained statistically significant (median score 85,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003 compared to the control group). Chronic migraineurs had decreased visual quality of life scores compared to those with episodic migraines. Participants with chronic migraine had visual quality of life scores that were as poor as those previously published for patients with other neuro\u2010ophthalmic disorders such as multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and ischemic optic neuropathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual quality of life is significantly adversely affected in migraine sufferers. In fact, patients with chronic migraine may have visual quality of life impacts that are as significant as those associated with other common neuro\u2010ophthalmic disorders. Future studies of the overall disease burden in patients with migraine should include an evaluation of the effects on visual functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T05:10:40Z","timestamp":1528348240000},"page":"1007-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Patients With Migraine Have Substantial Reductions in Measures of Visual Quality of Life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubair","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E.A.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison V.","family":"Crum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karly","family":"Pippitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa M","family":"Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen B.","family":"Digre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A. 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