{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T01:03:39Z","timestamp":1781571819975,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY, USA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with migraine frequently report ocular or visual symptoms including aura, photophobia, and eye pain. Using validated instruments, our group previously reported that due to these symptoms, patients have marked reductions in visual quality of life. In chronic migraine, these reductions can be as substantial as those reported for other neuro\u2010ophthalmic diseases such as multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Because the instruments take several different dimensions into account, we were unable to determine which ocular symptom(s) contributed to reduced visual quality of life. The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to determine which ocular symptom(s) were driving the observed reduction in visual quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We designed a cross\u2010sectional survey\u2010based study to assess visual quality of life, headache impact, aura, dry eye, and photophobia in migraine patients. Subjects were recruited from the Headache Clinic and General Neurology Clinic at a tertiary teaching hospital. Subjects completed validated questionnaires including: The visual functioning questionnaire\u201025 (VFQ\u201025), the headache impact test (HIT\u20106), the visual aura rating scale (VARS), the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and the Utah photophobia score (UPSIS\u201017). Associations between VFQ\u201025 and OSDI, VFQ\u201025 and VARS, VFQ\u201025 and UPSIS\u201017, HIT\u20106 and OSDI, HIT\u20106 and VARS, and HIT\u20106 and UPSIS\u201017 were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 62 patients who completed all questionnaires, 17 had episodic migraine and 45 had chronic migraine. Twenty\u2010three patients experienced aura and 39 did not report aura. The most striking correlations were observed between the VFQ\u201025 and the OSDI (\u22120.678;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), between the HIT\u20106 and UPSIS\u201017 (0.489;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and between the HIT\u20106 and OSDI (0.453;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dry eye seems to be the most important symptom that reduces visual quality of life and worsens headache impact. This symptom may be a form of allodynia, a well\u2010known feature of chronic migraine. Photophobia appears to have modest effects on headache impact. In the future, we hope to determine whether treatment of dry eye symptoms can improve visual quality of life and reduce headache impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T20:30:03Z","timestamp":1569529803000},"page":"1714-1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reduced Visual Quality of Life Associated with Migraine is Most Closely Correlated with Symptoms of Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Seniha","family":"Ozudogru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A Moran Eye Center University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A Moran Eye Center University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karly","family":"Pippitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salt Lake City Health Care System Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen B.","family":"Digre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A Moran Eye Center University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT 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