{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:30:08Z","timestamp":1768563008482,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the semiology of pain and its associated features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) and headache presenting to the emergency department who do not require urgent services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache is one of the most frequent neurological symptoms reported in case series, epidemiological studies, and meta\u2010analyses of COVID\u201019, with a prevalence ranging from 8 to 71.1%. Studies addressing the semiology of these headaches are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Patients classified according to the Manchester Triage System as standard and non\u2010urgent and those fulfilling the criteria for probable or confirmed COVID\u201019 according to World Health Organization guidelines who presented with headache were included. A standardized questionnaire was used for data collection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 145 confirmed and probable COVID\u201019 patients, 99 (68.3%) reported headache. A total of 54\/99 (54.5%) were classified with probable COVID\u201019 and 45\/99 (45.5%) with confirmed COVID\u201019. The mean age (44.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.8 vs 40.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.7,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.061), sex distribution (35\/54 [64.8%] vs 28\/45 [62.2%] female,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.768), and headache comorbidity (19\/54 [35.2%] vs 17\/45 [37.8%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.789) were similar between the probable and confirmed COVID\u201019 groups, along with other medical comorbidities and laboratory data. Patients with confirmed COVID\u201019 showed a higher incidence of anosmia (21\/54 [38.9%] vs 28\/45 [62.2%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.021) and pneumonia (10\/54 [18.5%] vs 18\/45 [40%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.018), headache at onset (32\/54 [59.3%] vs 39\/45 [86.7%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002), and hospital admission (0\/54 [0%] vs 2\/45 [11.1%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.017). In most cases, the headache appeared simultaneously with other COVID\u201019 symptoms (57\/99, 57.6%). It was bilateral (86\/99, 86.9%), frontal or holocranial (34\/99, 34.3% each) in location and intense (60\/99, 60.6%, reported a visual analog scale [VAS] score \u22657). A total of 39\/99 (39.4%) identified triggers, most commonly fever. The most frequent aggravating factors were physical activity (45\/99, 45.5%) and coughing (43\/99, 43.4%). Patients showed a propensity toward prostration (41\/99, 41.4%), photophobia (29\/99, 29.3%), and phonophobia (27\/99, 27.3%). Partial (53\/99, 53.5%) or total (26\/99, 26.3%) responses to first\u2010step analgesics were reported. A total of 25\/99 (25.3%) patients had a prior history of migraine, presenting with headache different from the usual in 23\/25 (92.0%) patients. Individuals with migraine were more likely to have earlier (headache at onset of the respiratory symptoms in 24\/25 [96.0%] vs 57\/74 [77.0%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.023 [95% CI: 0.067, 0.313]), longer (&gt;24\u00a0hours of pain in 20\/25 [80%] vs 25\/74 [33.8%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001 [95% CI: 0.272, 0.652]), and more intense (VAS score \u22655 in 25\/25 [100%] vs 63\/74 [85.1%],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.043 [95% CI: 0.057, 0.213]) headaches than patients without migraine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache is a very prevalent COVID\u201019 symptom among patients presenting to the emergency room, most frequently presenting as holocranial or bifrontal moderate to severe, and pressing quality headache. Individuals with migraine tend to present with earlier, longer, and more intense headaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T02:09:46Z","timestamp":1601345386000},"page":"2176-2191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Headache as a Cardinal Symptom of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Javier A.","family":"Membrilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department University Hospital \u201cLa Paz\u201d Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"de Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department University Hospital \u201cLa Paz\u201d Madrid 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