{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:19:37Z","timestamp":1763810377569,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In part 1 of this opinion piece, we described inherent and potential challenges of the equity of African American (AA) men in headache medicine including headache disparities, mistrust, understudied\/lack of representation in research, cultural differences, implicit\/explicit bias, and the diversity tax. We shared personal experiences related to headache medicine likely faced due to the color of our skin. In part 2, we offer possible solutions to achieve equity for AA men in headache including: (1) addressing head and facial pain disparities and mistrust in AA men; (2) professionalism and inclusion; (3) organizational\/departmental leadership buy\u2010in for racial diversity; (4) implicit\/explicit and other bias training; (5) diversity panels with open discussion; (6) addressing diversity tax; (7) senior mentorship; (8) increased opportunities for noteworthy and important roles; (9) forming and building alliances and partnerships; (10) diversity leadership training programs; (11) headache awareness, education, and literacy with a focus to underrepresented in medicine trainees and institutions; and (12) focused and supported the recruitment of AA men into headache medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T13:04:21Z","timestamp":1604408661000},"page":"2486-2494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Equity of African American Men in Headache in the United States: A Perspective From African American Headache Medicine Specialists (Part 2)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"suffix":"IV","given":"Larry","family":"Charleston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roderick C.","family":"Spears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0255","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, and pain among the U.S. adult population","volume":"21","author":"Shavers VL","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"volume-title":"National Pain Strategy: A Comprehensive Population Health\u2010Level Strategy for Pain 2015","author":"IPRC Committee","key":"e_1_2_16_3_1"},{"volume-title":"Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare","year":"2003","key":"e_1_2_16_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12117","article-title":"Achieving integration in mixed methods designs\u2010principles and practices","volume":"48","author":"Fetters MD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"volume-title":"Best Practices for Mixed Methods Research in the Health Sciences","year":"2018","author":"Creswell JW","key":"e_1_2_16_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13878","article-title":"Cross\u2010cultural headache care within the United States: Speaking the unspoken","volume":"60","author":"Charleston L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache"},{"volume-title":"Diversity in Medical Education: Facts & Figures 2012","year":"2012","author":"Castillo L","key":"e_1_2_16_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Perspectives from the historic African American medical institutions","volume":"362","author":"Epps CH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w24787","volume-title":"Does Diversity Matter for Health? 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